Dear Miss Wang:
I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help in my study. Without your help , my study would not be the top three in my class. It was you who always standed by me when I am fall. You pointed my mistakes and told me how to make them right. You always worked tirelessly to train my patience.Your continuous encouragement is my greatest motivation.
I sincerely hope that you can have a good health and stay happy. In addition, I wonder if you can pay a lot of attention to your health, get more rest.
Again, I sincerely thank you for your help!
September 25
Dear Li Hua,
Thank you for your letter dated September 16.It wasn't until yesterday that I got it,as I had been out on business for a week.
In your letter,you told me that you preferred your job to the city of Shanghai.In my opinion,Shanghai is an exciting and a beautiful place.Try to enjoy yourself in your spare time besides your devotion to work.
I'm sorry to say that I won't go to Shanghai because our school will hold an open-air party.I have to stay for the performances on the holiday.By the way,would you please come and join us in the party Hangzhou is so beautiful in autumn that I'm sure you will like it.
Yours
Zhang Hong
在小学英语教学中,教师要充分挖掘教材,把学生原有的知识、经验作为获取新知识的基础,通过提示新、旧句型之间的联系,帮助学生建构当前所学句型的意义。例如,在教学《牛津小学英语2B》(译林版,下同第三单元“What can you see?”时,有一位教师首先与学生进行已经学过的“Can you…?”会话,然后通过多媒体出示一个停车场的夜景图。随着一束模拟探照灯的光束移向不同的车辆,教师逐个说:A car.I can see a car.A bus.Ican see a bus.A jeep.I can see…然后,将光束聚焦在一辆小汽车上,问学生:What can you see?引导学生答:Ican see a car.这种从旧知引人人手,通过铺垫性操练,引导学生自然地感知并理解新句型,学生会学得轻松、活泼。
建构主义学习理论认为,学习不是简单的信息积累,更重要的是包含新旧知识经验的冲突。以及由此而引发的认知结构的***。“联系”与“思考”是意义构建的关键。小学英语句型教学应培养学生通过对知识的主动探索和发现来建构所学知识的意义。
《牛津小学英语》教材的编写采用循环式编排方式。以时间表达的句型为例,这套教材在3B、4A、5B的教材中先后三次在相关单元安排了时间表达的不同句型,体现了“循序渐进、逐步扩展、综合复现”的原则。有一位教师在教学5B第七单元“A busy day时安排了4个教学步骤:1 教师出示教具钟。T:What’s the time?(旧知S1:It’s three o’clock,(旧知2 教师将时间拨到3:30。T:What time is it?(新知S2:It’s three thirty,(旧知3 学习新句型后,教师让学生向教师提问。S3:What time is it?(刚学的新知T:n’s halfpast three,(新知4 教师出示新旧句型,让学生读一读,比一比,想一想,说一说。
这种根据教材内容的编排特点,帮助学生实现由旧知向新知的迁移的教学方法,既突出了知识的连贯性和整体性的教学,从客观上降低了学生理解新知的难度,又有利于学生循序渐进地建构新知。
近年来,为推进学生综合语言能力的培养,中学英语语篇教学越来越受到英语教学专家和一线教师的关注。如何将建构主义教学思想应用于中学英语语篇教学?我做了如下思考与尝试。
在语篇教学过程中,我常采用这样三个环节:1 导——设置话题,着力于激活与本语篇相关的背景知识,为学生提供建构的基础与可能,同时进行新单词新句式的适当铺垫(铺垫那些会对语篇学习形成较大障碍的内容;2 听/读——根据技能训练的不同要求,以听或读的方式为学生提供能够独立接触语篇的机会,让学生对语篇获得一个整体的、自己的感知。在此基础上,对文本进行进一步的处理,引导学生借助对文本的听或读获得信息、整理信息、转述信息,同时不断验证老师提供的学习策略或学习方法,使之逐步成为学生自己的学习经验;3 练——设置任务型的语言活动,以交流互动、有效合作等方式为学生提供语言建构的情境和机会,促进学生语言运用能力的养成。
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