考虑到借物喻人的文章在以前的学习中同学们并没有正式接触过,因此教学《落花生》一课的时,应重点引导学生理解父亲赞美花生的话的深刻含义,从中做人的道理,同时初步了解借物喻人的写作手法:父亲引导孩子谈花生的目的是为了论人生,父亲赞美花生的品格也是为了说明做人应该做怎样的人;父亲教育孩子们要学习花生的优秀品格,注重实际,不炫耀自己,像花生那样朴实无华,“不要做只讲体面,而对别人没有好处的人。”要做一个对国家、对社会、对别人有用的\'人。
从所借之物到所喻之人要过渡自然,不能勉强凑合。把事物的特征和人的品德、精神,或思想、情感有机地联系起来。要在前面描绘事物的基础上,由事物固有的特征自然而然地联想到要赞美的人,或流畅地引申出从中得到的启示,决不能脱离事物,随意发挥。如由“滴水穿石”可以联想到持之以恒的可贵,由“一群蚂蚁搬运食物”可以想到团结的力量……这些就是自然过渡。而同一种事物,从不同的角度思考,引发的联想也会有所不同。如同样是面对小草,可以联想到与之相关的花、树等形象直观的东西,也可以联想到默默无闻、无私奉献或坚韧顽强、百折不挠的精神等。
The person I admire is my mum. She is an English teacher. She is very popular among the students because she spends lots of time on her lessons and has a good sense of humor. Students all enjoy her class. My mum is not only a good teacher, but also a great mother. She is patient with me and always smiling while talking. My mum teaches me how to think independently and helps me to build up my confidence. When I have some difficulties in my studies, it is my mum who encourages me to work until I solve the problem. When Im feeling sad or bad, it is also my mum who looks after me with care.
I remember when I caught a fever at midnight last year, my mum took me to the hospital as fast as she could. When we got home after my injection, it was about 5 oclock in the early morning. My mum only slept 2 hours because she had to wake up at 7 oclock to prepare breakfast for me, and then she went to work. She must be very tired that day.
My mum is not very beautiful, but I admire and love her.
My friend Vivi is a lively and smart girl,she has long black hair and she is a tallest girl in our class.She is warm-hearted and good- looking so that everyone loves her.I'm so glad to make friend with her.I'm out-going too,so we have been good friends for long time.But sometimes I like quiet but she doesn't.And her marks are not good as me.So,i suggested her that she should work-hard in her study so that we can go to the same university. This person is my best friend Vivi who i can tell everything to.Like my deeply feelings and thoughts.
在众多的事物当中,学生很难系统地概括出事物的品格,精神来,由品格、精神联想到人具有相似的品质那就是更难了。所以恰当选择所借用的事物,进行细致观察,写出事物的特点尤为重要。这里所说的特点,就是所借之物那种喻人的品格,要重点理解,重点去写。不管写植物、动物还是写物品,能通过自己的认真观察,发现这种事物的独有特点来写,这是这次小练笔最关键的。如,写蚂蚁发现一条大青虫,众多蚂蚁一齐来将虫子搬回家,学生就能发现蚂蚁身上具有的特点是团结合作;写小草在石缝中钻出,在暴风雨中经历蹂躏和打击仍存活下来,学生就发现小草的特点是坚强不屈;写蜡烛燃烧自己照亮别人,学生就发现蜡烛身上的默默奉献精神等。
写人要善于运用人物的语言。人物的语言要充分个性化,能表现人物的出身、教养、经历和性格,让人读了如闻其声,如见其人。鲁迅先生指出:“人物语言的描写,能使读者由说话看出人来。”这就是说从人物语言的描写中看出人物的鲜明特征。要达到这种境界需要做到以下两点:
一、人物语言的描写要符合人物的年龄、经历、身份、文化教养等特点。如《孔乙己》当中的孔乙己总是“之乎者也”,这正好符合了孔乙己这个落魄秀才的庸腐形象。而在文章当中描写一个农民说的道理,言语一般都是朴实的,如果你写得文绉绉,显然就脱离了生活实际。
二、人物语言的描写,力求反映人物的特征。孔乙己说的话就处处表现出了他的酸腐气。
My name is Jane.I like to go to school.I am in Class One,Grade Sven.
Our classroom is very beautiful and clean.There is a biackboard on the walland some beautifui flowers on the sill.There are two big trees behind our classroom .We often play games under the trees.
There are forty students in our class.Twenty students are grils and others are boys .We always help one another.We have five teachers.They teach us math,science,English,music and P.E.They all work hard.We like them very much.There are four classes in the morning and two classes in the afternoon every day.We study very hard.I like our class.
人物的内心世界是很丰富的,心理描写就是要充分揭示出人物内心的喜、怒、哀、乐、爱慕、思念、苦闷、痛苦、怨恨、惊恐、嫉妒等等。常见的心理描写方式有内心独白、思忆联想、梦境幻觉等。
但不是每篇文章都适合出现心理活动的,我们在写心理活动的时候应该注意:
1.应写特定的人物在特定的环境中才会产生的心理活动。比如《卖炭翁》中有一句,“可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒。”本来寒冷的冬天,卖炭翁纵然身上衣衫单薄,为了卖炭只能希望天更冷一些。这里的“愿天寒”就是一个生动的例子。
2.要努力写人物细微的感情波澜和复杂的心理变化过程。例如高尔基的《母亲》最后一章,作者就细致入微地写出了尼洛夫娜发现暗探时一刹那的动摇、害怕,以及内心冲突,直到坚定、沉着。
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