1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
冬日的暧阳,总是会出现在某片天高云淡的晴空里,溢洒下厚实热烈的阳光。
那一天家里没有人,我带着一丝疲惫走到阳台上削橙子。那个橙子很大,色泽很明亮,我坐在地上埋头削着。
橙子橘黄的颜色好象流过了我的手指,我的刀尖,爬到了我的衣服,我的头顶,我周围的地上。整个人像是坐进了烘焙屋,四周全部都是黄灿灿的温暖。今天的太阳真好啊。
写景抒情的中考满分精品作文3篇写景抒情的中考满分精品作文3篇
于是随便地抬抬头。
却在那一瞬间呆住。
透过阳台上的玻璃窗,我看见了一整片湛蓝的天空。那么深,那么蓝,一直延伸到无边的尽头,深沉厚重,却又平和无语。那一刻我爱蓝色爱的'最深。我觉得自己很渺小,却被宇宙轻轻地握住,让我如此自觉地放下不确定感。这就是天空的伟大。
我望着那蓝得醇厚而又不带任何杂质的天空,默默想着会是谁用笔涂下了这层干净无暇的色彩,却又不禁思维停滞。
天空上面还有飘走着一些轻淡的浮云。被整块天空的蓝色衬得也注着些许的浅蓝。它们行走的很轻,好像永远不会被任何事情打扰,只是亘古不变地用自己的步伐行走。一直走到地老天荒。我盯着它们,突然想到了先秦时代剑客们飘飞的衣带。丝轻绸薄,却陪着剑客们路过了多少片竹林,沾湿过多少滴雨露,却永远也不会变脏,只是一如既往地从容和淡定,在每一次剑客转身后留下一个不着痕迹的掠影。我想,也许只有这样的浮云,才能配得上这样伟大的天空吧。
天空的边角,也映入了树枝和绿色的剪影。但是它们已经不再是完全纯粹的绿色。因为它们都象上了阳光金黄的光晕。一切都被修饰得沉静温暖。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
假如我是一滴水,我会来到大沙漠,率领兄弟姐妹一起灌溉大沙漠。把这天涯无芳草的人间地狱,变成人间天堂;让漫天飞舞的黄沙变成小雨珠,把炙热的大地变得欣欣向荣,让这成为世界最美的风景线。
假如我是一滴水,我会去干旱地区,看看那里什么样。用我生命去救助那里千千万万的生命,我会让凋零的花朵重新绽放,让干裂的土地再度肥沃,让枯萎的树木长出嫩芽重获新生;让这里的人有干净的水喝,有我养育的农作物来充饥!让这里的生物充满希望之光。
假如我是一滴水,我要去荒山,用我们甘甜的乳汁去浇灌荒山,让漫无边际的黄土长出绿茵茵的小草,苍翠的青松,秀丽的楠竹,把红彤彤的苹果,金灿灿的凤梨,绿油油的橘子还有灯笼一样的柿子全都挂在树上,让人们唾手可得。
假如我是一滴水,我一定要去发电厂,奉献自己的光和热,让最偏僻的小山村也能感受到温暖和光明,让老人在方寸的电视里看到广阔的世界,让孩子在明亮的灯光下更加刻苦地学习,让每个人的脸上都有灿烂的笑容。
假如我是一滴水,我要用我的生命去养育幽香的兰花,雍容的牡丹,冰清的荷花,傲骨的梅花,把地球母亲打扮得漂漂亮亮,让她成为宇宙第一的星球。
虽然我是一滴水,但我决不会是罪恶的波汹涛去淹没农民的庄稼,摧毁人们的家园。我一定做个可爱的小水滴在大海里淌佯,在江河里跳舞,在小河里散步,在小溪里嬉戏过着自由自在幸福快乐的生活。
假如我是一滴水,我也恳求人类爱护我,珍惜我,让我做一滴纯净的甘美的水,让我更好地为人类服务!
我幻想着,假如我是一滴水……
假如我是一滴水,我会带上我的兄弟姐妹们,给口渴的人们带来甘露,同时也为人间带来甘露。
假如我是一滴水,我将踏着父辈们的足迹,穿过那高高的水电站,为人类作出一点儿的贡献,俗话说:“人多力量大”,一滴水发不了电,但是,好多水滴就能为人们带来光明,人们从黑暗中得到光明。
假如我是一滴水,我将滋润万物,给沙漠的人带来甘甜的泉水,让每个花草树木都喝的饱饱的,让它们长的更茂密、更壮。
假如我是一滴水,我会把全世界的脏衣服都洗得干干净净,一尘不染,让全世界的人都变得干净起来。我还会把世界上的所有脏东西都冲洗的干干净净,让我们的世界变得更加美丽!
假如我是一滴水……
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