古人云:文章是案头的山水,,山水是地上的文章。描写名山秀水是游记的重头戏,,写好的关键是注入自己的真感情。我国古代众多游记名篇,,“案头的山水”绝不仅仅是自然山水的反映。作者游踪所至,,美景在目,,心有所感,,形诸笔墨,,往往物中有我,,景中见情,,不仅写出了山水的蓬勃生机和无穷妙趣,,还能含蓄蕴藉。意味隽永地把作者的身世和人生理想表现出来,,达到直抒胸臆、情景交融的效果。当然这不是一日两日的功夫,,正好说明了好笔头要靠长期反复磨练的道理。
星期天姥姥给我改善生活——包饺子。饺子可是我最爱吃的美食了,尤其是茴香馅的。我突发奇想地对姥姥说:“姥姥,今天我想学包饺子。您教教我吧!”姥姥惊讶地说:“怎么想起学包饺子了?”我灵机一动说:“我想如果我学会了包饺子,以后等您老了,我也可以给您包呀!”姥姥感动地直点头。二话没说,就给我带上围裙,动起手来。
包饺子的面和馅已经准备好了,姥爷负责擀皮,我和姥姥负责包。我学着姥姥的样子把一张圆圆的饺子皮放在手心里,然后用小勺盛一点点馅放在皮上。馅放好了,就把饺子皮对折,从右边开始捏,一直捏到左边收尾,一个小小的饺子就包好了。我掌握不好放多少馅,不是多了就是少了。我包的.饺子全是躺着的,有的露出了馅,有的还张着嘴,真是五花八门。再看姥姥包的饺子一个个精神抖擞地站在那里,排着整齐地队伍好不威风。姥姥笑着对我说:“你看,你包的饺子都是“懒”饺子,它们都不愿意站着,都喜欢躺着,还有的高兴的乐开了花。”我哈哈大笑起来。
后来,我又独创了“花式”饺子。就是饺子皮不对折,而是象包包子似的把皮一把抓起来捏好,哈哈!可以想象我的饺子是什么样的了吧。我包饺子的兴趣越来越高,又创出了“三角式”,“元宝式”好几种有趣的包法。
当一家人吃着我包的这些独一无二的饺子的时候,我心里别提多激动了。没想到,包饺子这么有趣。
今天我们家吃饺子。
妈妈和好面、弄好饺子馅后,就开始包饺子了。我看见妈妈拿了一张擀好的面皮,在上面放了一小勺馅儿,然后将面皮的中间合了起来,再双手一捏,一个饺子就成了形了。妈妈一连做了好多个,我看的手痒痒,连忙说:“妈妈我也来做几个吧。”说着我拿着一张面皮,在上面倒了满满一大勺的馅儿,我想:这次我可以吃一个馅可多的饺子了。可是我怎样也没有想到,面皮怎样也没法合上,好不容易合上了可是却跑出了一堆的饺子馅,妈妈笑着说:“饺子馅一次不能放太多,如果放得太多的话就会合不上的。”我赶紧将饺子馅倒出很多,然后我学着妈妈的样子包起来。由但于我用的力太小,包好的饺子刚一放到盘子上就成了开口笑。我又试了几下终于成了一个饺子。看着盘子里包好的饺子,妈妈包的饺子像一个个大肚将军,而我的饺子像一个个婀娜多姿的美女,又细又小。我一连包了十几个饺子,真是太累了,现在我知道包饺子是多么的不容易呀!
中午妈妈把煮熟的饺子端了上来。刚下班爸爸吃着饺子说:“今天的饺子咋回事?有大有小,有的还没馅。”我不好意思地说:“老爸,那是我包的。”“是么,好吃、好吃,比***包的好,我不爱吃馅。”爸爸边吃边夸我。我吃着自己做的饺子,心里很满足。
我明白,我们未来面临的是现代化战争。现代化战争早已不是小米加步枪的时代了,要赢得现代化战争,必须有现代化武器。而要发明和创造现代化武器,必须有现代化高新技术。所以现在我必须刻苦学习,为将来学习和掌握高新科学技术打下扎实基础,做一个保卫祖国的称职的军事家
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
旅途见闻的内容丰富多彩,,但是不可能什么都写进文章里。下笔前首先要理一理自己的思绪,,想一想本次游览的主要感受是什么?确立一个中心,,然后决定:哪些内容详写,,哪些内容略写,,哪些内容不写。题材的取舍,,当然首先要选新颖有趣的内容,,更要选有个性、有地方特色的材料,,特别是上文提到的那些人文资料,,不仅能使你的文章主题鲜明,,中心突出,,而且读起来更有文化内涵,,从而使你的文章更有社会价值,怎样写好作文《怎样写游记作文》。
游记的内容往往多而杂,,写出来怎样才能做到清晰而不繁乱呢?最常用和最简便的方法就是:移步换景。即以游踪的变化为线索,,随着时间的推移和地点的转换,,完整有序地写出重要的游览过程。当然也要避免写成一本流水账或一幅游览路线图。所以,,写作中要用浓墨重彩突出重要的点,,跳出一般性的过程交代,,使整篇文章成为几个主要景点活动的有机组合体。为了使这个组合体结构匀称,,我们还要运用一些穿插的技巧,,将与景点有关的资料、数据等内容,,通过游览者的交谈或引用等方式适时介绍,,这样,,就可以调整文章的结构,,消除看上去有些部分“臃肿肥胖”、有些部分又显得“面黄肌症”的毛玻
今天,教室里处处喜气洋洋。为什么呢?我们要包饺子啦!好不容易挨到第四节课,大家都拿出了早已准备好的东西,迫不及待地要开始啦!瞧瞧,柴米油盐酱醋样样都有,看看,蘑菇、香肠、青椒、小葱,配料更是五花八门。
在一片嘈杂的议论声中,马老师拎着面皮和肉馅闪亮登场。他给每个组一些肉馅和面皮,下令:“开始!”这时大家便开足马力包了!拿上一张面皮摊在手中,拿起勺子舀些肉馅和配料,再依自己的口味加上盐和味精,洒上水,轻轻一捏,一个饺子便做成啦!当然,大家的方法各有差异。有的把饺子当成了工艺品,折成一个规整的半圆,一点一点捏那些又小又密的褶皱,做出来的自然是整整齐齐;有的做成的样子是圆润的半圆,光滑如玉,没有一丝皱纹;有的则很随意,似三角,像贝壳,千奇百怪。马老师看着饺子越做越多,就发了装饺子的盒子,让同学们每人都带几个回家与家人一道分享。看来马老师让我们包的不仅仅是饺子,还要培养我们的一份孝心呢!
最激动人心的时刻到了,要开始煮饺子了。大家拿出电饭煲,一组一组地做。闻着电饭煲里飘出的阵阵饺子香气,同学们都垂涎欲滴。等到饺子开锅的那一刻,望着热气腾腾的水饺,大家都迫不及待地舀了几个放进自己的碗里,津津有味地喝着汤,狼吞虎咽地嚼着馅。你吃着我包的,我吃着你包的,大家的脸上洋溢着幸福。
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