(一)改写一般疑问句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,将be动词提前,其他顺序不变。
例如:Thisisacat.变为Isthisacat?
(2)原句中有情态动词的(can/may/shall/would)将情态动词提前,其他顺序不变。例如:Hewouldlikeapie.变为Wouldhelikeapie?
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在句首加助动词do或dose(用于主语是第三人称动词单数的句子),其他顺序不变。例如:Iplaytheguitar.变为Doyouplaytheguitar.
(4)原句中的some变any。
注:以情态动词开头的一般疑问句,并且要求对方做肯定回答的`some不变。
(5)原句中的第一人称改为第二人称。例如:Iamanurse.变为Areyouanurse?
(6)以dose开头的一般疑问句,原来动词的第三人称单数形式要变回原形。例如:Hereadsastorybook.变为Dosehereadastorybook?
(二)改写否定句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,直接在be动词后面加not。例如:Itisadog.→It’snotadog./Itisn’tadog.
(2)原句中有情态动词的,直接在情态动词后加not。
例如:Iwouldlikeahotdog.→Iwouldnotlikeahotdog.
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在一般动词前加don’t或doesn’t(用于主语是第三人称单数的句子),doesn’t后面用原型。例如:Iseethreehamburgers.→Idon’tseethreehamburgers.
原句中的some变any例如:Ihavesomebreadan
dmilk.→Idon’thaveanybreadandmilk.
(4)以let开头的祈使句,如果是letus或letme,直接在其后加not;如果let后面其他人称代词宾格(you、him、her、them、it)就在let后面加助动词don’t。例如:Letusgotothepark.→Letusnotgotothepark.再如:Letthemdohomework.→Don’tletthemdohomework.
(三)对划线部分提问:
对划线部分提问,就是先把一个陈述句的划线部分去掉,然后变为一个特殊疑问句:一是特殊疑问句+一般疑问句;
二是特殊疑问句+陈述句(对主语或主语的定语提问,therebe结构除外)
⑴划线部分是人,用who提问。
⑴划线部分是主语,用who提问,who后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Whois;Wholikes;Whohas?
方法:who+原句的剩余部分
例如:①HelenandMikearelisteningtomusic.
→Whoislisteningtomusic?
②Ihavesomemodelplanes.
→Whohasanymodelplanes?
⑵划线部分是表语,用who提问。
方法:Who+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
⑵划线部分是事或者物,用what提问。
方法:what+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式。
注:如果原句是therebe句型,直接用What’s+地点状语来提问。例如:①Wewouldliketobuysomethingsforaparty.
→Whatwouldyouliketobuyforaparty?
②Therearealotofcakesintheplate.
→Whatisintheplate?
⑶划线部分是物主代词或名词所有格,用Whose提问。
方法:⑴划线部分是主语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分
例如:Ourclassroomisbright.
→Whoseclassroomisbright?
⑵划线部分是表语或表语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:①ThewomanisSuYang’steacher.
→Whoseteacheristhewoman?
注:对某部分的定语提问,被修饰的部分跟随特殊疑问句往前提②ThispurseisYangLing’s.
→Whosepurseisthis?
⑷划线部分是地点,用where提问。
方法:where+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:TheyarehamingaMathslessonintheclassroom..
→WherearetheyhavingaMathslesson?
⑸划线部分是“多少”,用howmany或howmuch提问。
方法:⑴句中是可数名词的用Howmany+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Therearefifteentreesintheplayground.
→Howmanytreesarethereintheplayground?
⑵句中是不可数名词的用Howmuch+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Ihaveaglassofjuiceforbreakfast.
→Howmuchjuicedoyouhaveforbreakfast?
⑹划线部分是时间,用when或whattime(具体的几时几分)提问。方法:⑴when+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:SuYangandSuHaiareathomeonSundaymorning.
→WhenareSuYangandSuHaiathome?
⑵问具体的时间直接用Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?问
例如:It’sthreeforty-five.
→Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?
1 A good case in point is ...
2 As an illustration, we may take ...
3 Such examples might be given easily.
4 ...is often cited as an example.
1 No one can deny the fact that ...
2 The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3 Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
人的一生,都在行走。行走,一个很宽泛的概念,或奔波,或疾驰,带着朝气勃发,风风火火;或漫步,或闲逛,带着一份悠然自得,闲适惬意的心情,走过乡间小涧,步过林阴大道。
这个世界变的太快也太迷离,置身于拥挤的街头,梦幻的霓虹灯眩目闪烁,高耸的大厦似乎迎面压下……喧闹的生活,钢筋水泥构成的世界,人们迈着匆匆的脚步擦身而过,有的只是透着紧张气息,笼罩天空。快节奏似乎已经悄悄上演生活的主基调。行走,步伐快的让人窒息,迷离,麻木。慢点走吧,留一点时间看看天。
散步,我衷爱的生活状态。
脚尖轻轻地拂过大地,缓缓地迈着步子,沐浴夏日夕阳的余辉,静听属于自己一个人的世界里的春夏秋冬,喜怒哀乐。一个人的散步,一个人的旅程,一个人的世界。
带着愉悦散步,感受到的是黄昏的美丽。双手插进口袋,嘴上哼着小曲,陶醉在无限遐想之中。没有了文言文,没有了方程,没有了ABC,把白天无尽的学习暂时抛在脑后,有的'只是你自己简单的快乐。漫步,一路上看看道路两旁的风土人情,细细品味时代的变迁,也许你会欣然地发现你平常未曾挖掘的惊奇;漫步,一路上迎来熟人的笑脸,报之以淡淡的微笑,用目光进行简单的交流,即便只是擦身而过,也会铭记。郁闷的日子里,多散散步吧!一个人踏上没有目的的行程,用旅途的寂寞打发心中的单调,乏味。深深地呼吸户外的空气,抚摩叶片滑落的瞬间,想象自己已融入了自然的怀抱,抬起头,望望头上叶缝中的天空,零零碎碎,却有那么清澈。在天空的蔚蓝底下,烦恼会不知不觉地从指缝中消逝。
约上三两好友,一起散步,那又是另外一种滋味。大街上一群小鬼打打闹闹,嘻嘻哈哈。大家走成一排,聊聊天,唱唱歌。在黑夜笼罩的世界里,几颗年轻的心互相沟通,互相撞击。华灯初放,我们一遍又一遍地在大桥上来回漫步,昏黄的路灯下,影子忽长忽短交替更迭。我们看天上的皎洁明月,望水中浮动的月影,让人想起“疏硬横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏”的超然物外的意境。顷刻间,大家默默无语,彼此间的默契演绎得淋漓尽致。
晚饭后,没事的时候,一家三口便一起出去散步。我们会选择远离镇上的喧嚣,来到田野。这有条小溪,我们沿着溪水漫步而上,夏日的气氛总是这么热烈奔放,放眼望去,一片生机勃勃。和父母在一起,总能不由得感到别有的踏实。我说说学校里发生事情,爸爸妈妈拉拉家常,一家人其乐融融。温馨,幸福,在一瞬间,紧紧地包围了我。记得莫怀戚在他的《散步》中写道:“到了一处,我蹲下来,背起了母亲;妻子也蹲下来,背起了儿子。我的母亲虽然高大,然而很瘦,自然不算重;儿子虽然很胖,毕竟幼小,自然很轻;但我和妻子都是慢慢地、稳稳地,走得很小心,好像我背上的同她背上的加起来,就是整个世界。”我拉起父母的手,幸福地走在中间,这就是我的整个世界。
“荣辱不惊,望天上云卷云舒;去留无意,看庭前花开花落。”散步的时候,悄悄地对自己说。
散步,我衷爱的生活状态。
慢点走吧,留点时间看看天。不要吝惜这一会儿时间,停下手中的笔,关掉眼前的电脑,带着另一种心情,出去散散步。看看天空的飞鸟,飘动的白云,你会发现自己的视野一下子从一个高墙所包围的小圈子里跳出来,在蓝天里展翅翱翔。
散步,我衷爱的生活状态。
散步是件很快乐的事情,尤其是沿着两旁长满各类花草树木的宁静小道散步,更是一种享受。
城里太喧嚣了,到处都塞满人群,每迈出一步都要十二分的小心,刺耳的喇叭声又绵绵不绝,扰得人心烦意乱,的确不是散步的好地方。
乡村,无论白天或是黑夜,总是宁静而安详。即使偶尔有几辆货车鸣着喇叭从村庄疾驰而过,也不会让人生厌,相反,你会觉得像一曲短暂而优美的曲子,使人愉悦。在这里散步,你会心旷神怡,得到真正意义上的放松,在这里散步,你不仅能获得美的享受,还能得到某些启迪。
早晨,如果时间允许。我会独自一人踏着清新的晨露,沿着朝霞中的弯弯山道,开始我的散步。
山上的树木郁郁葱葱,散发出阵阵幽香,夹杂着泥土发芬芳。苏醒后的鸟儿唱着新曲,开始了一天的觅食。村民们扛着锄头,背着犁铧,吆喝着牛儿,开始了一天发劳作。火红的太阳越升越高,绿叶上的水珠在阳光的照耀下闪烁着金光。是那么的玲珑剔透,那么的美丽,却转瞬即逝。阳光温暖着我,仿佛是在带给我什么启示或是要我去感受些什么。
山地冒着缕缕青烟,犁铧在阳光下闪闪发光,卸了架的牛儿悠闲地啃着青草;村民靠着埂子坐下,卷上一卷旱烟,按下打火机的开关,旱烟便迅猛地燃烧开来,吐着烟雾的农民凝视着逞亮的铧口,似乎在沉思什么。
看到这一切,恍惚回到了人类的最初。这是多么自然多么和谐多么美丽的一幅画啊 !可这又暗示着什么?
傍晚,做完功课后,又来到那条山道,继续我未散完的步。
鸟儿已经归巢,他们聚集在一切,唱着动人的旋律,舞动着优美的身姿,庆贺这一天的丰收。村民们唱着山歌,赶着牛群向家的方向走去。看到这些,早晨的疑问又再次浮现在脑海。在高科技不断向前发展的今天出现这种现象是可悲?可喜?还是可贺?可悲,人类的发展总要以牺牲某种原始美为代价。
“ 叽叽叽......”“蛐蛐蛐......”小昆虫们的歌声唤来了黑夜,月亮已爬上梢头,清冷而明亮。缀着点点繁星的夜空悠远而深邃,很美!
我呼吸了一口新鲜空气,用收获的喜悦结束了一天的散步。
1。 It is considered /thought that人们(有人,大家)认为
2。 It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that普遍(一般,通常)认为
3。 It is believed that有人(人们,大家)相信
4。 It is well—known that大家知道(众所周知)
5。 It is said that据说(有人说)
6。 It is learned that据闻(悉)
7。 It is supposed that据推测
8。 It is estimated/predicted/calculated that据估计(预计)
9。 It must be pointed that必须指出
10。 It is reported that据报道
11。 It must be admitted that必须承认
12。 It will be seen that可见(可以看出)
13。 It will be seen from this that由此可见
14。 It is understood that不用说(都知道)
15。 It can not be denied that无可否认
16。 It has been proved/demonstrated that已经证明
17。 It may be confirmed that可以肯定
18。 It may be safely said that可以有把握地说
19。 It is sometimes asked that人们有时会问
20。 It is expected that/hoped that人们希望
21。 When it comes to要说到,要谈及
1:Peoples views onvary from person to person. Some hold thatHowever, others believe that
2:People may have different opinions on
3:Attitudes towards vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards
4:There are different opinions among people as to
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