英语作文中的双引号【一】
Paul Robert在《英语句子结构》(English Sentence Structure一书中指出:“据多数情况来看,歧义的产生并非故意的。它是由运用句子结构时的疏忽造成的,以致没有能够将可以使意义清晰的标记包罗到句子中去。(周立人,1997∶6”于是忽视使用表明句子结构的句法代号就引起了语法歧义。伍谦光(1995∶199认为:“‘语法歧义’是指由于对句子中的句法结构有不同理解而产生的歧义。”语法歧义最常见,也最复杂。下面是一些具有代表性的类例:
1.1词性
一个句子往往由于无法确定某个词的词性而变得无法理解。
(1College demands change.
很明显,例句中的demands既可理解为动词,也可理解为名词。change同样如此。于是此句就产生了两个不同的意思:(1大学要求改革。demands是动词,change是名词。(2大学的要求改变了。demands是名词,change是动词。
1.2名词(修饰语+名词
1.2.1复合名词或名词短语
(2an English teacher
此例在书面语中易引起歧义:(1一位教英语的老师。English teacher是一个复合名词。(2一位来自英国的老师。English作为修饰语加在名词前构成名词短语。
1.2.2-ing+名词
(3Flying planes can be dangerous.
此句也产生了两种意思:(1驾驶飞机会是危险的。Flying是动名词。(2正在驾驶的飞机会有危险。Fling是现在分词,作形容词用。
1.3带有’s的名词所有格
(4This is his teacher’s book.
句子中teacher’s book可以是一个整体,即“教师用书”。但his teacher也可以是一个整体,即“他的老师”。所以此句产生了两个意思:(1这是他的教师用书。(2这是他老师的书。
1.4不定式动词短语
(5The tiger is too small to kill.
此例也有两种含义:(1这只老虎太小以致于不能伤人。此意对tiger来说,是主动的动作。(2这只老虎太小了,还不能被***。此意对tiger来说,是被动的动作。
1.5“及物动词+宾语”结构
(6I found Jim an experienced teacher.
及物动词found后面接了两个名词Jim和an experienced teacher。这句话有两个意思:(1我发现吉姆原来是一位有的老师。(2我为吉姆找到了一位有经验的老师。
1.6并列连词and
(7Tom and Lucy are married.
此句可理解为:(1汤姆和露西两个成了亲。其中and连接两个名词,构成一个简单句。(2汤姆和露西两个都已结婚。该句可看作一个并列句。
1.7悬挂式否定词not
(8His object is not to eat.
此句产生的两种意思为:(1他的目的不是吃。作此意讲时,is和not的关系紧密,可写作isn’t。(2他的目的是绝食。作此意讲时,not与to eat的关系紧密,形成“绝食”的含义。因此not是悬挂式的(即可以自由摆动。
1.8悬挂式代词
(9The man informed his brother that he should lose weight.
人称代词he位于两个名词the man和his brother之后,句意变得模糊:(1这个男的告诉他的哥哥他自己应该减肥。人称代词he代指the man。(2这个男的告诉他的哥哥他应该减肥。这时人称代词he代指his brother。
1.9悬挂式状语修饰成分
(10The people who saw the play frequently praised it.
这里的frequently很难说是修饰saw the play还是praised的,因为状语修饰成分是“悬挂的”,所以产生了两个意思:(1经常看戏的人们称赞了它。(2看了这出戏的人们频繁地称赞它。
1.10悬挂式定语修饰成分
(11Lily likes the vase on the table which she bought yesterday.
此句中的which she bought yesterday是定语从句,这个定语从句可认为是修饰vase,也可以认为是修饰table。也引起了歧义:(1莉莉喜欢放在桌子上的那个昨天买的花瓶。(2莉莉喜欢放在昨天买的桌子上的那个花瓶。
英语作文中的双引号【二】
伍谦光(1995∶200指出:“‘语音歧义’往往是由于句中词语的‘连续’而产生的歧义。”语音歧义多出现于口语中,主要是由上图表中的同音异义词以及部分同形同音异义中的C类(即一些意义不同,但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的。下面是一实例:
(22“面包是怎么做的?”
“这我知道!”阿丽丝热心地叫道。
“准备一些面粉(flour——”
“到哪儿去采花(flower?”白女王问道,“花园里还是树篱上?”
“咦,面粉不是采(picked来的,”阿丽丝解释道,
“它是磨(ground出来的——”
“那要多少英亩土地(ground呢?”白女王又问道。
——刘易士·卡罗尔《阿丽丝漫游奇境记》
上面这一段文字因为运用了语音歧义,造成了很好的幽默效果。首先flour与flower是同音异义词,因此白女王把面粉flour理解成了花粉flower。其次阿丽丝用的ground是动词grind(磨碎、碾碎的过去分词,而白女王把ground理解成了“土地”。这一组就是笔者认为的由意义不同、但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的语音歧义。
英语作文中的双引号【三】
When I was a freshman in college I watched the film Gua Sha Treatment for the first time, now I am a junior student and I come back to review the movie from a multicultural aspect, I have many different feelings after watching the film again.
At the beginning of the film, XuDatong is given an award and later he delivers a speech. What makes me impressed most is in his speech he says “one day I will become one of you, a truly successful American, today this award proved that America is a true land of opportunity and I am the living proof of that.” At that moment Xu thinks he has realized his American Dream totally with his lovingly wife and adorable son. However, I think it is ironical that to make a speech like that and I assume it is made on purpose to hind a clue for the story's development. How many non—American people have such a beautiful American dream? One of my classmate studies in American now and before he went aboard he told me his American dream is he can stand at the top of the New York. To be honest, I also dream that one day I can get the Green Card living there happily and successfully maybe working at the Wall Street. When Xu gets the award he thinks he entirely melted in the melting pot neglecting the multicultural obstruct, later the plot goes against the way he thinks. And later Quinlan asked Xu'why you be the scapegoat of your father?' Xu answers 'because he is Chinese.' Then maybe Xu knows that there is always a wide gap between Chinese and American cultures.
The second scene is Xu hit his son Denis because Denis hit the son of xu's boss, at the middle of the film xu tells his boss that he hit his own son is only to show his respect to his boss John Quinlan, that time Quinlan feels puzzled “what a Chinese logic”,yes, American can never understand such a logic full of Chinese characteristic, because they respect everyone including the children, they won't beat a child to please the boss, and there is no such a conception of degree between employee and employer, they feel everyone is equal, which is quite different from china.
Connected to the second scene, the third difference I want to analyze is the care for the children. In America, people pay more attention to the right of children which can be seen from the law—leaving children alone at home is illegal, while in China it is so common that almost everyone may experience such loneliness. And Children Welfare Agency does work in America which shows the importance Americans attach to children's right. What's more, I remember a line 'No one won the case, especially the child.' In my opinion, it also manifests the universal concern from the American public to the children.
The fourth aspect is following the procedure, in the film, more than there times, the people focus on the rule, the law, the procedure. At the Christmas Eve Xu wants to return back to his home pretending as a Santa Claus, what a pity, the security recognizes him and persuades 'you are always a good tenement, never causes troubles for me.' And another scene is at the end of the film , the judge says 'I have to follow the procedure.' However, in China people always have to ask for a favor to do something, and later you have to pay back the favor,for myself, I prefer the American style, strict to the procedure.
The fifth and the last point is the humors, Quinlan says 'you can't fall, your health security is the company paid.' 'Datong, welcome home, maybe next time, you can come from the front door.' 'dady, why you come from the window' ' because we don't have a chimney.' I really adore this distinguished American humor, especially in dangerous situations, which is quite rare in China.
That's my whole reaction to Gua Sha Treatment.
英语作文中的双引号【四】
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词，如thereafter， thereby， therein， thereinafter， thereinbefore， thereon， thereof， thereunder， thereupon， therewith等，在文中具体指什么，需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断，因而理解起来比较复杂，请看下例：
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof， the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”，即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that， in that particular
context， in that respect，“在那里”，“在那点上”，“在那方面”，表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如：the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract，合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为：to that，“随附”，“附之”，如：“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract， together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为：or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为：under that， “在其下”，“依照”，如：The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
英语作文中的双引号【五】
‘人生’觉得好伟大、神圣的一个词啊。我不是一位哲学家，也不是一位演说家，我呢，只是一名中学生，自认为自己没有什么资格、责任去谈天说地，特别是谈‘人生’。而今天在这里呢就是想说说自己心中的想法。
见笑了。
我觉得人生英语有着密不可分的关系，再细一点解释呢就是与英语中的时态息息相关。
当我们变成了一个风烛残年的老人。坐在摇椅上回想着我们这一生，每件往事都会清晰的浮现在眼前，任回忆说着过去时态的语言演绎着昨天的故事，那时的我们啊就是在温习英语中的‘过去时态’不是吗………。
破镜重圆时，我们啊乘坐着时间的飞船回到了中年时期。那时的`我们正在为自己的生活而努力奋斗着。在这个科技爆炸的现代化时代里，我们被生活践踏的体无完肤《话可能有点严重了》。我们得买房、买车，过上小康生活，要不都说现代人的生活节奏快呢，可能就是这个原因吧。所以啊，那时的我们就是演绎着英语中的‘现在进行时’不是吗………
现在呢，我们来到了人生中的黄金时期———青春期。青春是人生的花样年华，身处青春期的我们总是会憧憬着这样或那样的未来。这不就是英语中的‘一般将来时’吗………。
其实啊，不管怎样，无论是‘过去时’、‘现在时’、还是‘将来时’，都需要我们为现在的生活去努力、拼搏、奋斗不是吗………。
歌词写得好啊‘梦想是注定孤独的旅行，这路上少不了质疑和嘲笑，但那又怎样，哪怕遍体鳞伤，也要活得漂亮
。我为自己代言
最后呢，因为我也是一名初中生，即将面临着中考。在此呢，就祝愿普天下所有的中学生在中考中能考出一个好成绩、实现自己的梦想
悦。加油，相信你自己。加油加油加油………
谢谢观看……
