古语云:“易有三训,一训简易,二训变易,三训不易”,“易与天地准”,之于常识,不也是如此吗?我们生活在常识中,“春暖花开”、“秋高气爽”,我们不假思索地运用它们,是为简易;同一事物不同时刻有不同的表现,变化无穷,是为变易;常识由生活而来,经久适用,是为不易。故庄子云:“道在便溺”。因常识,于生活,我们泰然。
老子云:“大象若希”。正是由于常识之于我们太过习惯了,时常,我们会无所察觉,如同时空之于我们过于静止与绝对,在爱氏之前,我们被蒙骗了千万年。于是我们在恍然后明白,常识虽常,但亦要知之、行之、思之。
所谓的对常识的知之,并非仅仅为热则却衣寒则添衣的自然反射,而是对自然存在的用心观察。没有这用心,何来常识?没有常识,何以行之?不得而行之,必遭祸患。譬如之于人,了解交通拥挤之时间,于约会便不会误时;又譬如拿破仑不知俄国之地广与冬天之寒冷,便因俄国坚壁清野而为滑铁卢之役埋下伏笔。
所以对于常识,要知之。
所谓的对常识的行之,不仅是于知之之后的体证,还是生活的必需,之所以要知且行,系因为知易而行难。行难,故特以行之。常识的知之,是困则眠、疲则休息,是诸葛顺势三分天下,是刘邦知楚强汉弱而强赴鸿门。对常识的行之,是顺应自然、顺时而动,故可避害趋利,所以才有一觉醒来的精神,才有汉朝天下。
所以对于常识,要行之。
至于对于常识的思之,那便是在知行合一后更高的要求。正因为常识之常,所以无形中被我们忽略、习惯,然世间万物莫不在变易中永恒,拘泥而行自己不适合,若死守既得,便永无进步可言。故汤之盘铭曰:“苟日新、日日新、又日新”;《康诏》曰:“作新民”;曾子曰:“君子无所不用其极”;因为对常识的思之,爱氏提出了相对论,玻尔提出了量子力学;之于历史的,不正是由于对意识形态的思之与变革,再知而行之,才有三十年改革开放而至于今日之中华崛起?
“易与天地准”,也正是凭借常识,凭借与常识同行,我们维系了一个旷古的文明,然而无论是生活还是发展,不知常识无语进步,不行常识无以趋利避患,不思常识却也无以百尺竿头更进一步。
于是,不妨化用子思的“慎思之,明辨之,笃行之”而说,对于常识,我们要知之、行之、思之,由是,则有泰然的生活与不断的前进。
John can hardly understand Russian, ______ ______?
2. Tom said to Alice, Can you help me with the work? (宾语从句
Tom asked Alice _____ she _____ help him with the work.
3. The Red Cross has helped the homeless people in the floods four times since last
year.(划线提问
_____ _____ times has the Red Cross helped the homeless people in the floods since last year?
4. Tom didnt watch TV that evening. He listened to music. (句意不变
Tom listened to music ______ ______ watching TV that evening.
5. Will you go home tomorrow? the mother asked her son. (保持句意不变
The mother asked her son ________ he ________go home the next day.
6. They will move into the new school in a month. (对划线部分提问
________ ________ will they move into the new school?
7. Mr. Smith wanted to know where he could get the information. (保持句意不变
Mr. Smith wanted to know ________ ________ get the information.
8. You can do it in class. You can also do it at home. (保持句意不变
You can do it ________ in class ________ at home.
①西湖处士:指北宋诗人林逋(bǖ)。林逋,字君复,钱塘(今浙江杭州)人。终身不仕,亦终生未婚。隐居于杭州西湖孤山,二十年足迹不涉城市。因喜植梅养鹤,故有“梅妻鹤子”之称。古人称像林逋这样的有德才而隐居的不仕者为处士。
②元:同“原”。
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