1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
献上一份情意,献上一缕阳光;一切为了老人,一切为了健康……已到春天,但依然寒风刺骨,唯有那同阳光般的情意为老人带来了一句温暖的祝福,捎走了老人心中那一丝寂寞与冰凉…… ——题记
不是狂风大作,不是绵绵微风,在早晨,吹进了那早已打开的心窗,不知怎的,便有了那心中的一丝丝触动。
提着一包喜滋滋的年糖,我同张知涵一起来到了老年公寓。茫茫的一大片水泥活动场,不知是白还是灰,带来了一份从未有过的春日的凄凉。走进老年公寓,在***办公室中,我见到了一个两三年级的小姑娘,学生头,十分招人喜爱。她与坐在办公桌前的阿姨坐在一起,显然,她是领导的女儿。我走到办公桌旁报道,只见一张纸上用醒目的红色写了一行大字:“一切为了老人,为了老人的一切。”我顿生喜悦,也不只是为了老人们有一个好领导,还是为了阿姨有这片敬老的心意。“你们又带了什么东西?”一句冷冷的话在我耳边响起。我说着:“年糖!”心中却不知道为什么不安着。张知涵也回答着:“香蕉,还有一些水果。”阿姨并没有理会张知涵。只注意着我,阿姨又问我:“是软糖还是硬糖?”我看见阿姨一边说,她身边的女儿就边摇着她的手,边用眼睛直直地望着我手中的袋子。“是硬糖。”我又回答,本来是什锦糖,可还是怕被她女儿拿走,我撒了句慌,还加了一句:“怕软糖嚼不动。”“硬糖呀!那万一卡住了,卡死了就不得了啦!”她又编了一条并且把“死”字讲得很重。“来、来、来,放这咯。”张知涵拿的是香蕉,她不好意思也留着,便只将我带的糖留在了办公室。
跟随着内部工作人员,我们见到了许多老人,唯有一个门牙缺了两颗、头发惨白但显得十分健康的老爷爷,让我刮目相看。老爷爷的热情出乎我的意料,张知涵拿给了一根香蕉给爷爷,他就把我们拉拉扯扯的带进了一间朴素而不显得空阔的房间。我们左望望右看看,似乎在寻找着什么。爷爷的墙上有水墨画,也有刺绣。我走进房间一眼就盯中了一幅四只小狗的刺绣,便寻问:“爷爷,这是您绣的吗?”我一边问着,一边用照相机“咔嚓”地拍下来。“是的,以后常来,我教你!哎!年轻一点的时候,我也有这么一副好手艺啊!但是现在老了,就只留下了这么一点年轻时的回忆了……”望着爷爷那慈祥的目光,我不禁觉得那位阿姨是多么的自私。天空快要拉上夜色的帷幕,我们只得依依不舍地回家,老爷爷走出门,拿着一大袋水果,放到了我们的手中,而目光中流露出的不只是慈祥,还有那份深深的难舍难分。
我走在走廊上,远远地看到了刚才的小女孩拿着那一大包糖,嘴中还甜滋滋地含着一颗,心中不禁为她们母女的贪婪心感到惋惜。又回忆起爷爷那目光与他的刺绣,不禁心存感叹:“人在江湖,不怕才多!”
为老人献上一份情意,献上一缕阳光……
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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