有的朋友时常给你鼓励、赞美,有的朋友时常给你难堪、伤害。
有的朋友给你正面的'能量,有的朋友却不断给你负面的能量。
如果是你,你会愿意和哪种朋友交往?
有一种朋友,不断的给你正面的能量,能够让你感到自己很棒,他也很棒;有另一种朋友,总是给你负面的能量,让你感觉不舒服,好像只有他很棒,你却是很差的,他永远是主角,你只能当配角。
朋友有很多种,但是,你一定远离是非多的朋友、不够真诚的朋友、给你负面能量的朋友;你可以交不同类型的朋友,你一定要远离前倨后恭的朋友、不把你当朋友的朋友,她永远都是公主、王子,你只能当个丫鬟、跟班。
朋友是互相对待,互相尊重的,不是角力大赛,非要分出输赢、胜负不可,朋友不是战利品,不用拿来比较、炫耀,朋友不是利用的工具,有事的时候利用一番,没事的时候就不见人影,朋友不必是名人,有名的朋友未必把你当朋友。
真正的朋友是,不管你是谁,他还是把你当做是朋友的人。
我出生在北京什刹海地区的后海南沿,从我家出来只需过一条小马路,就能来到河边。河边有许许多多的'参天大树,它们的树冠很大,树荫下非常凉快。小时候,妈妈一天要带我去好几次河边。夏天到了,来这里休息乘凉的人就更多了。
有一天下午,天气热得像一个大蒸笼,树上的知了不厌其烦地叫着。我和妈妈正在河边乘凉,突然有人叫我“大权儿,热不热?”我抬头一看是喜子哥,就大声叫了 一声:“喜子哥”。当时喜子哥光着膀子,背心搭在肩上,脸红红的,脸颊两边都是汗。喜子哥笑嘻嘻地问我:“大权儿,热不热?”喜子哥跟我们家是邻居,比我 大好多,已经考上大学了,他特别喜欢我,经常抱我,逗我,跟我玩打仗。喜子哥还是我们这一带的游泳高手,还获得过不少奖呢!
当天晚上,忽然听见外面跟打架似的,又哭又喊,非常热闹,妈妈也急忙带我出去看,我当时太小,不知发生了什么事,只看见王妈妈哭得死去活来,好多人在搀着 她,劝她。我有点害怕,妈妈就把我抱了起来,这时我看见妈妈眼里也有泪,就一边帮妈妈擦着眼泪,一边不停地问妈妈:“王妈妈怎么了,怎么了?”当时妈妈什 么也没说,抱着我回家了。
后来我才知道,就是那天,因为天气炎热,喜子哥一个猛子扎下去游泳,就再也没有上来,自从喜子哥死了以后,王妈妈好像变了一个人似的,整天愁眉苦脸,神情 恍惚,我们再也听不见她那开朗的笑声,整个院子也变得沉寂了。王妈妈再也不像以前那样逗我抱我了,只是一看到我就嘱咐我:“千万不要去河边游泳,千万别 去。”说完就呆呆地走开了。
当时我不知道什么是难受,只知道再也看不见那个喜欢我的喜子哥了。有时我静静地躺在床上,期待着,有人一开门,叫一声:“大权儿,叫我了吗?咱们玩打仗?”这个笑嘻嘻叫我的人就是喜子哥。
这件事使我终身难忘,我真的希望大家:珍爱生命 远离野游。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
第一步
空气里氤氲着孤独的气息,这气息发酵着,带着醇厚的酒味儿,弥散在我的身边。我该不该走出这第一步呢?黑白的琴键泛着金属的光泽,默然不语。【“我该不该走出这第一步呢”既是点题,又是叙述的开端;对“气息”和“琴键”的描写,渲染气氛,引出下文。叙述与描写结合自然】
我起身,又坐下,任指尖滑过的冰凉流入心底。【前两句是承上文的叙述,后一句是描写,凸显矛盾心理及其表现】那个铺着红地毯的舞台在向我招手,盈盈浅笑。可是我不敢,我害怕面对台下的观众,尽管我在幕后可以使手指欢快地跳跃,却不敢想象在舞台上会多么窘迫。【继续描写矛盾心理】窗外的雨轻轻地拨动着大地的心弦,朦胧了窗外,也模糊了我的双眼。不知过了多久,一缕阳光从窗缝漏了进来,幽幽地落了一地。【此处插入景物描写并非多余,而是以此衬托由矛盾走向勇敢的心理变化】我想起了朋友的鼓励,亦如此时的阳光,明媚而动人。既然时光如此美好,我又何必因一时的胆怯而放弃整个春天呢?我决心试一试,迈出第一步。【自问后两句由描写回到叙述,推进叙事】
闪光灯亮了,我踏上红地毯,手心里有些许汗。我像别人一样穿着白裙,走到舞台的中央,那光彩夺目的地方。【叙事继续】一瞬间,我觉得自己跌入梦境,好像一切都变得不真切起来。【描写恍惚心情,显得真切】从前,我只是看着别人演奏,而今天我第一次成为这个舞台的主角,自己的主角。深吸一口气,我开始与眼前的琴键倾心交谈,一曲《天空之城》从黑白键中缓缓流出,静静地淌过我的心,我的梦。【不是用叙述语言“我成功地演奏了一曲《天空之城》”,而是用比拟和拈连手法描写演奏过程,有诗意】我感受到了从未有过的快感。我仿佛看见了透明的天空,空中回响着一支田园牧歌,这牧歌穿过田野,穿过草原,穿过一路的纷繁与喧嚣,开出一路的花朵,美得令人心惊。【运用示现手法,描写成功演奏时的愉悦感,美态纷呈】我想起了练习的日日夜夜,想起窗外雨滴的声响,想起春日里暖暖的阳光,便不由自主地将一腔别样的情融进去。这时,连琴键也有了生命。【这里是描写、抒情与议论的融合】
一曲终了,台下爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。【回到记叙】突然,我为自己原先的紧张感到可笑。一切都没有想象中的那样可怕,不是吗?只要勇敢地迈出第一步,便可以收获整个春天和满树的繁花。【不说“取得成功”,而是说“收获整个春天和满树的繁花”,这就是用描写语言代替叙述性语言、议论性语言,给读者美感】
有了第一步,我不再彷徨,不再畏惧,如今我依旧坐在黑白琴键旁,任精灵在我手指上跃动。阳光照进来,碎碎地洒了一地,时光便停在那里,一动不动。我的微笑像阳光般洋溢着,但不同的是,比第一步前多了一份自信与从容……【这一段有叙述,交代事情的结果;也有描写和抒情,点出所记叙的“第一步”对“我”成长的影响,深化题意】
你,如同一粒尘土,悄悄地侵临在不幸者的身上。
你,如同一个恶魔,凶恶地使不幸者悲痛绝望。
你,如同一位死神,无情地剥夺了……虽然你如同死神一般恐怖,但你也是如死神害怕光明一样,是有弱点的。我们虽不能面对面地将你击倒,但我们知道,你降临于人的身上,也需要一定的途径。那么,我们就能在这些途径中,把你拒之门外。
但也许是因一部分人的堕落和疏忽,被你毁灭的灵魂正在增多。我们与你的这场没有硝烟的战争中,正以你不断扩大战果而发展着。在这场残酷的战争中,我们渐渐知道,要彻底打败你,必须以提高我们的思想意识为前提,必须挽救正在堕落的人们,而且为粗心者敲响警钟。
是的,我们始终相信最后是以你的`灭亡而告终,但同时,我们也要呼吁所有人清醒地看待你,既不会堕落和疏忽,也不会被你所吓倒,即使你的名字叫艾滋病。来吧,让我们预防艾滋,珍爱生命,相信胜利的曙光来临已不再遥远。……听到这一切的一切,你一定知道生命的重要性了吧?是呀,生命的开始其实就是一支蜡烛,直到你的母亲给你点上“灯芯”,你才开始为宝贵的生命谱写第一句。直到你会“咿呀咿呀”地叫,会开口说“妈妈”,会一摇一摆地走,会说很多很多的话,有思想的时候,就会觉得周围的一切是如此的美妙。到现在,你是不是明白了如果艾滋病夺去我们的生命,就再也看不到春天蝴蝶翩翩起舞的轨迹和像水洗过似的天空这个道理了吗?如果你的蜡烛熄灭了,那你看到的将是黑暗,而不是光明。
为了不让我们更早地失去宝贵的生命,从现在开始,请你注意身边的大小细节。同学们!请带动你们的爸爸妈妈,亲戚朋友,让大家一起注意个人的卫生,让艾滋病不与我们同在!让我们一起大声地喊出:“预防艾滋病!珍惜宝贵生命!”绝望者的灵。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
上述提及的文字都由门铃这一描写点展开,但行文实现了“差别化”,既为结尾的“点睛”议论作铺垫,又与叙事结合推动情节发展,值得我们借鉴。
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