是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式,也可以用冒号(美国式。
(1写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用dear或my dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏。例如:my dear father,dear tom等。
(2写给公务上的信函用dear madam,dear sir或gentleman(gentlemen。注意:dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加dear,是dear sir的复数形式。
(3写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:dear prof. tim scales, dear dr.john smith。
a tale of two cities occupies a central place in the canon of charles dickens's works. this novel of the french revolution was originally serialized in the author's own periodical all the year round. weekly publication of chapters 1-3 of book 1 began on april 30, 1859. in an innovative move, dickens simultaneously released installments of the novel on a monthly basis, beginning with all of book 1 in june and concluding with the last eight chapters of book 3 in december. dickens took advantage of the novel's serial publication to experiment with characterization, plot, and theme. he described the work in a letter to his friend john forster, cited in rudi glancy's a tale of two cities: dickens's revolutionary novel, as "a picturesque story rising in every chapter, with characters true to nature, but whom the story should express more than they should express themselves by dialogue." the novel that emerged from his experimentation is now regarded as one of dickens's most popular and most innovative works.
dickens's work was very popular with the reading public when it was first published. one review in the magazine athenaeum stated that a tale of two cities had attracted the praise of a hundred thousand readers. on the other hand, a whole set of critics, most notably sir james fitzjames stephen writing in saturday review, criticized the novel precisely for its popularity. "most of the critics writing in the intellectual and literary journals of the day considered popular success a good reason to condemn a work," explains glancy. "if the public liked it, they certainly could not be seen to approve of it at all." modern critical opinion, however, has given the novel an important place among dickens's most mature works of fiction.
基于以上几点认识,笔者以J省H学院2016级汉语国际教育本科毕业论文为研究对象,调查了该级共82位学生的学位论文撰写情况,旨在考察该校学位论文的特点,同时对发现的问题提出一定的解决建议。
该专业2016级共两班,1班共计42位学生,2班共计40位学生。经考察,1班有15位学生的毕业论文与对外汉语教学有关,占总人数的35%,7位学生毕业论文与专业相距甚远,甚至完全无关,占18%,比如《韩剧在当代大学生中的接受情况的调查》、《白鲸研究综述》、《倾城之恋》对当代大学生爱情观的启迪、《广东省廉江市中小学古筝学习情况调查》。7位学生的论文属于文学作品欣赏类,与社会语言学相关的有5篇,其中细分包括以下三个小类:(1)网络语言,如《网络生造词的构成与影响》;2.广告语,如《商业广告中的双关语现象探析》;3.行业语,如《现代汉语中行业语转为普通词语现象探析》。涉及小学教育的1篇,题目为《小学教师书面评语现状分析》,关于普通话学习1篇,题为《赣方言区学生学习普通话的难点及对策》。
2班共42位学生,23位学生的毕业论文与对外汉语教学直接相关,占总人数的55%。但与1班相似,有8位学生的论文主题与专业相距甚远,占19%,例如《外国电视剧在当代大学生中接受情况的调查》、《对外汉语专业学生自主学习调查》、《唐传奇的叙事模式》、《微博在突发事件传播中的影响》。关于文学作品的论文2篇,与社会语言学相关的论文3篇,与语文教育相关论文共2篇,如《小学古诗文教学内容及教学方法的研究》、《吉林省高考作文命题指向下的语文素养培养研究》。基于分班调查得出的结论,笔者又将2016级毕业生整体做了一次调查,两个班共82位学生,38人毕业论文与对外汉语相关,占总人数的46%。但遗憾的是,有15位学生的毕业论文与对外汉语相距甚远,甚至与教学类、文学类都毫无关系,如《微博在突发事件传播中的影响》、《外国电视剧在当代大学生中接受情况的调查》、《韩剧在当代大学生中的接受情况的调查》,这些学生占总人数的18%。
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