一个好的主题句是文章成功的一半。不仅文章有主题,段落有纲,句也必有中心。文章失却主题,就会不知所云;落无纲,则一盘散沙,句缺中心,就无意义。所以,在立足于篇章时,一定要首先明确文的主题;在发展段落时,也要首先写好主题句。从PETS三的特点来考虑,主题句最好是置于文首或段首,这样让人一目了然! 以下就是两个实用的开门见山式发展主题句的方法。
●To begin with, we must attach the greatest importance possible to this issue/fact (key word.
●As is well known to all, it is now high time that we took this (topic word into serious consideration.
(一)图像在教学中的最大优势——形象性
图像具有非凡的表现力。课堂教学中有许多内容,用文字去表述会比较抽象,而用图像去表现时却十分形象。图像具有信息量大、现场感强、直观感强、容易记忆、便于再现等特点,能充分地激活课堂的教学气氛,给教学注入新的活力。它可以多方面、多角度,以不同的形式描述某一事物,提供直观的教学素材,克服文字与口头表达形象性弱的缺点,有助于学生观察能力、自学思维能力的培养。
(二)符合初中学生的认知心理
图像输入具有直观性、新颖性、多样性和趣味性,形象生动的图像,既能提高学习效率,又能集中学生注意力,提高教学效果。图像的`运用能最大限度地调动不同感官在学习中的作用,使学生确立鲜明的、完整的表象,把注意力集中到学习的对象上,从而产生强烈的学习***和运用语言来表达的***。这种强烈的求知欲正是学生学习知识技能必须具备的内驱动力。初中学生年龄小,心理不够成熟,认知较直观,注意力不容易长时间集中,形象思维比较突出,对感性的事物较容易理解,对理性的知识则不易理解,课堂教学活动只有形式多样化,才能吸引学生注意力,激发兴趣。在教学中通过生动的语言、实物、动作、图像等创设一定的、真实的、有趣的情景,进行丰富多彩的课堂组织活动,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,让学生在模仿中熟悉和感知语言知识。
总之,运用图像进行英语教学,突破了传统教学的局限,提供了丰富的声像并茂的语言内容,最接近语言实际的自然语境,能使学生在真切的语境中学习到活的语言,实现语言习得的目标。
好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
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