有的人敬佩在足球场上叱咤风云的罗纳尔多;有的人敬佩能弹奏无数美妙乐曲的音乐家贝多芬;有的人敬佩知识渊博的鲁迅;有的人敬佩………而我却敬佩一位普普通通的英国小女孩。你猜,为什么?
话还得从那场世界级大灾难——印度洋海啸说起。在泰国旅游胜地——普及岛,一位英国小女孩和她的母亲随旅游团去游玩。
有一天,天气晴朗,这位小女孩和母亲一起去碧波荡漾的海边游泳,正当她们玩的十分高兴时,小女孩发现有许多死鱼向岸边漂来,同时,水面上还不时冒起了泡泡,并且潮退得老远老远的。
小女孩又想起了前不久在学校上的一节关于海啸的公开课,老师讲海啸来临前的种种迹象都与现在这种种现象完全吻合,小女孩着急地告诉母亲:“母亲,海啸好像马上要来了,叫大家快逃吧!”
她的母亲刚开始有点将信将疑,但听了女儿的分析,便大喊道:“海啸马上要来了,大家快逃!大家快逃啊!”大家听了她母亲的劝告,都陆续上岸,逃到离海边很远的地方去了,但还有一些人还在海边拣那五颜六色的贝壳,不知道死神已悄悄地靠近他们。
那个小女孩看在眼里,急在心里,便上去劝说,经过她的不懈努力,那些人终于听从了她的劝说,上岸了。
小女孩说的没错,果然,过了不久,海啸来临了。大浪一个高过一个,顷刻间,海边的房屋就被海啸吞没了。人如果在海边,也会在劫难逃!
我敬佩她救了那么多的人!我敬佩她能把课堂的知识用到日常生活中来!我敬佩她在那么危险的情况下那么沉着、冷静!
正式的书籍,是在两千多年前春秋战国时代出现的。起先,人们把文字写在竹片或木片上,这些竹片或木片叫做简或牍。把竹子木板劈成同样长度和宽度的细条(一般5寸至2尺长),削平表面,在上面用刀子刻字或用漆笔写,每片可以写8到14个字。有的把简牍用麻绳、丝绳或者皮条串编起来,叫做“册”,
也写作“策”。这个“册”字,像在几片竹简中间穿上绳索的样子。传说孔子因为勤奋读书,竟把这种穿册的皮条翻断了多次。
这种笨重的书使用起来当然是极不方便的。据说,秦始皇每天批阅的简牍文书有120斤重。西汉的时候,东方朔给汉武帝写了一篇文章,用了3000片竹简。
现在的书,不仅品种多,而且有的越来越小。“缩微胶卷”就是其中的一种。它是用照相机把书或者资料缩拍到胶卷上,一般缩到原书大小的1/48。使用的时候,通过阅读器可以放大到原来大小。其实这种缩微技术,早在19世纪普法战争时候就使用过,当时法国的谍报人员把一份3000多页的情报缩拍在一张几寸长的胶片上,让信鸽带回了巴黎。
缩微图书保存和使用都很方便,如果把1万种每种15万字的书放在一块儿,它的总重量大约有5吨,而缩微以后的胶片只有15公斤。
科学在发展,书也在不断演变,它以越来越丰富的营养,哺育着勤奋学习的人们。
1.阅读选文,具体说说“策”与“缩微图书”的主要区别。
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
2.选文第四段运用的主要说明方法是____________、____________。
3.选文中举法国谍报人员用信鸽传递情报的事例,意在说明什么?
________________________________________________________________________________________
4.由“策”到“缩微图书”的演变,经历了漫长的历史时期,在这种演变过程中,起决定作用的因素是什么?___________________________________________________________________________________
5.选文第三段中说“一般缩到原书大小的1/48”,句子“一般”一词有何表意作用?
________________________________________________________________________________________
6.你理想中的书籍是怎样的?请设计一种并简要说说这种书的特点。(50字左右)
________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
俗话说:久病床前无孝子。可是,爸爸以他的实际行动,把这句话给否定了。
我的奶奶,她今年72岁了,因为得了脑血栓,下半身瘫痪,只能躺在床上。至今,已经两年多了。奶奶的生活不能自理,爷爷和爸爸可忙坏了,爸爸上班非常忙,天天起早贪黑的,还要照顾一直身患重 病的奶奶。只有星期六、星期天才会轻松些。喂水喂饭,端屎端尿,这些活都由爸爸来干,但是,他从不厌烦。
我记得,我对爸爸说:“你到哪才可以歇一下呀!”爸爸听了,立刻小宇宙爆发:“您奶奶这辈子容易吗?现在老了、动不了啦,当儿子的就都不管了!那还是人吗!”,没想到短短的一句话,竟招来 了这么一顿批,吓得我再也不敢胡乱说话了。
有一次,我和小伙伴玩完回到家,一进门就闻见了一股腥臭味,原来是奶奶拉到床上了!我赶快跑到院子里。爸爸看到了,急忙把奶奶的脏衣服脱下来,把床单撤下来。我看见爸爸这样,眼泪不由自主 地掉下来,我把床单放到盆子里,和爸爸一起刷洗,床单和衣服都洗干净了,爸爸擦了擦额头上的汗珠,笑着说:“你懂事了”。
这就是我敬佩的一个人——爸爸,一个善良,有孝心,不怕辛苦的爸爸。
Early morning,sun farther—in—law showed smiling face,small alarm clock “ bite the bell bites bell “ the ground cries,seem to saying:“Beautiful,should get up!Should get up!!
Li Lixing,see sun farther—in—law came out,asperse on pale green branch full bright sunshine。 Li Li wore a beautiful powdery dress,wore a sky—blue pants again。 At this moment,transmit outside the window “ chirp “ cry,li Li looks up to look,a birdie is crying,seem to saying:“Li Li has breakfast quickly,I and you go to school together。 I and you go to school together。
Li Li eats breakfast rapidly,carry small satchel on the back,go to school together with birdie。
初稿
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money -it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
自评
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:23
互评(刘兴顺评)
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:23
互评(战越评)
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:
互评(李春霞评)
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:
人类能在地球上生活多久(节选)
①人类能在地球上生活多久?这既涉及可持续发展战略,涉及地球为人类的生存和发展所提供的资源,也涉及地球的外在环境究竟能在多少年内维持不变。
②太阳是决定地球外在环境最重要的因素。根据近代天文学家的理论,太阳将持续而稳定地向地球提供光和热,地球绕太阳旋转的平均半径,将长期维持不变,至多只有极小的摆动,这一过程将至少还持续40亿年。过了40亿年后,太阳将逐渐膨胀而演化为红巨星,最后将地球完全吞吃到它的“肚子”里。
③太阳对地球的影响实在是太巨大了,“只要太阳吼一吼,地球立即抖一抖”。至于人类,却承受不了地球的任何抖动!不过,太阳为地球持续提供长达4000万年的光和热却是没有问题的,因为在4000万年的年代里,所消耗的能量还不到太阳总量的1%!所以,研究人类在地球上持续生存和发展的问题,至少要以人类能在地球上持续生存4000万年为奋斗目标!
④但是人类面临的真正威胁,却是来自人类自身。如果人们认为400年前伽利略是近代科学之父的话,那么这400年来科学、技术以及工业、农业的发展,就远远超过自有人类历史以来的400万年间的成就。与此同时,近400年来所消耗的地球上的资源,也大大超过了在400万年间人类所消耗的资源总量!如果按照现在消耗不断增长的趋势发展下去,试问4000年后乃至4000万年后的地球将是什么样的面貌?
⑤地球上的资源可分为两类:一类是可再生资源,另一类是不可再生资源。虽然人类可以用消耗可再生资源的办法补充一些不可再生资源,但这在数量上毕竟是有限度的。所以,人类的生存和发展的问题,归根结底将取决于地球上的资源能在多少年内按照某些资源的消耗标准维持人类的正常生活。
⑥其实,4000万年只是一个保守的说法,太阳的光和热,完全可能持续更长一些时间,即使太阳系内出现某些反常事件,如小行星撞击地球,但也不太可能在4000万年内发生,而且人们完全能发射有超强破坏力的导弹,使小行星改变航道;所以,地球上的居民,至少在相当长的一个时期内,是大可不必“杞人无事忧天倾”的!
⑦但是,真正值得忧虑的,是人,是人能否控制人类自身!
1.本文从两个方面回答了“人类能在地球上生活多久”的问题,一个方面是太阳能否持续而稳定地向地球提供光和热,另一方面是_________________________________。
2.第③段中,作者说,“太阳为地球持续提供长达4000万年的光和热却是没有问题的”。他这样说的根据是什么?
________________________________________________________________________________________
3.第④段中,作者说,“但是人类面临的真正威胁,却是来自人类自身”。“来自人类自身”的威胁指什么?___________________________________________________________________________________
4.按要求分析下列句子中加点的词语。
(1)“这一过程将至少还持续40亿年。”“这一过程”指什么?
________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)“但是,真正值得忧虑的,是人,是人能否控制人类自身!”说说“控制人类自身”的含义。 ________________________________________________________________________________________
5.读本文后,你学到了哪些知识?请列出两条。
(1)_________________________________________________________________________________
(2)__________________________________________________________________________________
(一)答案
1、①地球上的资源能按某些资源的消耗标准维持人类多少年正常生活。②人类能否合理利用资源。 2、因为在4000万年的年代里,所消耗的能量还不到太阳总量的1%。 3、对资源过度的消耗(意思相近即可)。
4、①太阳将持续而稳定地向地球提供光和热,??至多只有极小的摆动。(答出第一句即可)②a.控制人类对资源的损耗。b.控制人类对生存环境的破坏。(答出一种即可)。 5、答出文章所涉及的两点知识即可。
同学们,你知道我最敬佩的一个人是谁吗?不知道了吧!让我来告诉你,我最敬佩的人是——李大钊。
李大钊是一个惜时如金的`人 。有一次,伯父出去,由于伯父对李大钊非常严格,便让李大钊的姑姑看着他。李大钊认真地读书,即使窗边含苞欲放的丁香花招引来了许多花蝴蝶,还有小鸟在嬉 戏打闹,可他头也不抬,完全不受影响。要是我的话早就跑过去和小鸟一起玩了。到了中午,伯父也没有回来,李大钊出来和姑姑聊天,在李大钊和姑姑聊天的过程中,李大钊问的都是学习方面的问题 。这时姑姑说:“既然你读完了书,也写完了作业,那就出去玩一会儿吧。”李大钊说:“我和你聊天,就代表我已经休息过。”说完之后,李大钊又去读书了。
李大钊是一个惜时如金的人,我要向李大钊学习,学习他那种惜时如金的精神。
从古到今,沙尘暴一直是威胁着人类生存的自然敌人之一。在进入21世纪的今天,沙尘暴在世界各地频频发生,其肆虐的势头有增无减。人们不禁要问:沙尘暴是怎样产生的呢?
沙源、强冷空气、冷暖空气的相互作用是沙尘暴形成的基本条件。沙源来自于沙漠、乱垦滥伐、过度放牧所致退化的草地、没有任何植被的秃地以及一些违规操作的施工场地,由于缺乏相应的维护掩盖措施,致使表土裸露,旋风刮来,易形成扬尘。冷暖空气相互作用产生一种垂直的上升运动,把沙尘吹扬了起来,形成沙尘暴。如果没有沙源这个条件,后两个因素只能造成大风或降水等天气现象。专家通过对河西走廊沙尘暴的“策源地”武威、金昌等地的实地考察发现,强劲持久的大风是形成沙尘暴的驱动力,人为破坏的植被和风化的地表松散、干燥土层等沙源是造成沙尘暴的“罪魁祸首”,沙尘暴是伴随人类活动造成的生态平衡的破坏而产生的。
早在1860年至1890年,美国由于不合理的过度开发西部处女地9000万公顷,大片焚烧草原,盲目垦荒,导致发生了1934年5月震惊世界的沙尘暴。这场沙尘暴从土地破坏严重的西部刮起来,很快就发展成一条长2400公里、宽1500公里、高3公里的一个巨大黄色尘土带,连续3天,横扫了美国三分之二土地。当时大气含尘量每立方公里高达40吨,3亿多吨土壤被卷入大西洋。这一年美国毁掉耕地4500亩,16万农民倾家荡产,逃离了西部大平原。
近几十年来,我国由于人口急剧增长,不少地方便以超垦、过牧和滥伐获取必要的生活资料。大片的树林草原被开垦成了农田?结果粮食没打多少,反而造成了土壤盐碱化和荒废了更多的土地,草原牧场不断地被过度放牧,又不进行补偿性保护种植,大大加重了草场退化。于是导致去年一场场席卷而来的沙尘暴频频袭击了我国北方大部分地区,短短3个月间我国就发生了12次沙尘暴,波及大半个中国,不仅袭击了西北、京津地区、华北部分地区,就连长江以南省份也受到不同程度的影响。
事实表明,人们无节制地垦荒开地,无限度地向大自然索取甚至掠夺,而不给其“休养生息”的机会,不断破坏自然生态的平衡,最终一次又一次地招致大自然无情的惩罚。痛定思痛,历史的教训不能忘记,人类应真正行动起来,认真研究如何防治沙尘暴,努力改善地球生态环境,让绿色和生命永存。
1.本文说明的对象是_____________________________________________,说明的主要内容是_______________________________________________。
2.请结合语境,理解文中加黑词语的含义。
罪魁祸首:________________________________________________________
休养生息:________________________________________________________
3.从沙尘暴的形成来看,它与大风降雨的主要区别在于;产生沙尘暴的根本原因是:_____________________________________________________。(尽量用原文语句)
4.第三自然段中的“过度开发”是指什么?这段文字采用了大量的数字说明方法,请举一例简要说明运用数字说明的好处。
________________________________________________________________________________________
5.人类不注意与自然和谐相处,导致生态环境失衡,受到大自然无情的惩罚。请你举出一个这方面的例子,并提出相应的改善措施。
举例____________________________________________________________________________________ 措施:___________________________________________________________________________________ (二)
1、沙尘暴。沙尘暴产生的原因和严重危害。 2、沙源是造成沙尘暴灾害的首要因素。大自然经过休息调养,恢复元气,达到生态平衡。 3、有沙源。生态环境遭到人为破坏。 4、大片焚烧草原,盲目垦荒。①??长2400公里,宽1500公里,高3公里??连续三天??横扫三分之二土地(任举一个数字即得1
分)。②这里运用数字,科学、准确、具体地说明了沙尘暴来势凶猛、规模巨大、危害严重的特点。 5、示例:对森林乱砍滥伐。封山育林(举例恰当,措施合理即可)。
(三)
1、“册”是由竹片或木片制成;用绳子串编;笨重、体积大,使用不方便。“缩微图书”由胶片制成;采用缩拍技术;轻便、体积小。 2、作比较、列数字。 3、缩微图书体积小、重量轻;缩微技术的运用时间早。 4、科学技术的发展。 5、“一般”指通常情况,不包括特殊情况,这样说更符合实际。 6、设想有创意,特点表述清楚即可给满分。
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