15篇英文小作文【一】
3.1 样本与分析方法
本文选取的五篇英文议论文样本如下：The Real Truth About Lies （Randy Fitzgerald，882 字，选自The World Of English，2001.6）; Education （ E.B. White，1021字，选自The Hill Reader，135-155）; The Art Of SmartGuessing （ Bryan W. Mattimore，1034 字，选自The World English，2001.2）; On The Art OfAdvertising （ Samuel Johnson功能语法，995 字，选自 The Hill Reader，453-455）; 以及 The Green Frog Skin（John Lame Deer，1166 字，选自The Hill Reader ，332-334）.
笔者依据物质，心理，关系，行为，言语和存在六个过程对每篇文章的分句进行了判定，并为进一步的量化分析计算出各分句所占比例。具体分布情况如下表所示：
物质
过程
心理
过程
关系
过程
行为
过程
言语
过程
存在
过程
总计
篇章1
26
13
32
1
25
4
101
篇章2
35
8
29
7
5
8
92
篇章3
26
9
35
2
1
14
87
篇章4
31
13
24
7
7
82
篇章5
42
13
46
10
7
3
121
总计
160
56
166
20
45
36
483
百分比
33%
11.6%
34.4%
4%
9%
7.5%
主句
16
16
40
2
16
7
97
百分比
16.5%
16.5%
41.2%
2%
16.5%
7.2%
附属从句与嵌入式从句
64
22
36
10
9
13
154
百分比
41.56%
14.3%
23.4%
6.5%
6%
8.4%
3.2 分析结果与探讨
从上表可以看出，韩礼德的六个过程模式在英文议论中呈现不均衡分布。从整体来看，物质过程和关系过程所占比例分别为33%和34.4%。这就意味着在英文议论文中，物质和关系过程占据主体地位，二者总体超过总数的三分之二，而其他四个过程仅占不到三分之一。单从主句来看，关系过程以41.2%的比例占据主导地位，同时，我们可以发现一个非常有趣的现象，即物质，心理，言语过程所占比例均为16.5%。在从句的过程分布比例中，物质过程占41.5%，非常接近关系过程在主句中所占的比重。其次是关系过程，所占百分比为23.4。存在过程在整体分句，主句及从句中的分布比例较为稳定。出现比例最小的为行为过程。
结合小句过程模式的分布比例和议论文的特点，笔者的分析如下：
第一，物质过程是摆事实，讲论据的最佳途径。作为质询和决策的方式之一，议论文应当提供充分有力的证据来引领读者挖掘事件的方方面面。论据通常包括常识，例证，事实，数据，引用等等。有效的论据必须能够清楚直接地证明论点cssci期刊目录。一般情况下，人的行为即为已经发生的无可改变的既成事实，而物质过程作为外部经验的表述恰好使其成为了提供论据最为常用的模式。在议论文中，从句通常扮演着为主句提供事实或数据的角色，由此不难解释为何物质过程在从句中占据绝对比例。例如，在复杂句“advertisements are now so numerous that theyare very negligently perused”中，其从句“they are verynegligently perused，”阐述了主句所引发的事实结果。相反地，主观意见和心理活动的论证说明力远不如事实，这也正是心理过程在议论文中所占比重较小的原因。
第二，关系过程在英文议论文中的显著地位源于其对逻辑关系的阐释。逻辑性对议论文至关重要功能语法，议论文的目的就是通过理性说明来赢得读者的认同，而读者对新观点的认同建立在其已认同的事实和原理的基础之上。因此，从本质上来说，议论文是通过良好的逻辑建立和加强共同与合作意识的过程。换言之，所有能够作为论据的事实和原理都必须相互并与结论有逻辑性地联系在一起，任何逻辑错误或推理失误都可能导致读者对整篇文章论点的怀疑。关系过程，表明一项经验与另一项经验之间的关系，恰好能够清楚地阐释读议论文中的逻辑关系。以代表句型“x is a”为例，x与a之间的逻辑关系并非唯一的。a既可作为某项特征表明x的特性，也可作为指代与x进行互换。简而言之，在关系过程中，主句通常是被从句归纳化或概念化的特征或指代。
第三，在英文议论中，看似表达主观观点与意愿的言语过程同样不可或缺。引用权威的语言，观点，评论或表达都常常作为强有力的事实支撑来赞同或反对某一观点，而无论是直接引用还是间接引用，都必须通过言语过程来体现。
第四，其他过程类型在英文议论文中同样占据一席之地并发挥着举足轻重的作用。对议论文而言，描述，叙述，阐释等写作手法的合理利用与相辅相成无疑是锦上添花。正因如此，六个过程在英文议论文中的不同分布比例恰好是议论文客观，有逻辑，严肃及某种程度上带有一定主观色彩的特点等要求的自然结果。
15篇英文小作文【二】
In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that too much tourists bring harm to the environment.
The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. One way is the proceof exploiting a new scenic spot. In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. This proceusually breaks the ecological balance of the area. In some mountainous places, trees are being cut down to build hotels for others to see and explore the beauty of the mountains. Then land slides and mud-rock flows come up. Another way the development of tourism has damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots. Some tourists don't have the awareneto protect the environment, and ignorantly throw their garbage here and there. Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.
It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too much tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution they cause.
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? Tourism has developed by leaps and bounds in the past de
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? Tourism has developed by leaps and bounds in the past decades in the whole world. Therefore, the issue of whether the tourism will bring harm to the environment is becoming a matter of concern. As for me, I hold that the tourism does more harm than good to the world. In the first place, the more places we travel to , the more pressure will be added to the environment. Take Dunhuang as an example, the greatest scourge these days comes from the tourists who swarm here by the busload , bring destructive amounts of carbon dioxide and moisture into the caves along with their eagernefor a glimpse of ages past . Secondly, It has become fashionable for travelers to drive a private car to the place they want to . In this case ,a large number of cars are mushroomed in the road and it cause twice as much as air pollution .At this speed ,we may live in a world which is full of dirty air instead of fresh air. In sum , although tourism is playing an indispensable we`d better try to limit role in the society , I still believe that its speed according to the harm that brings to the environment.
The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. Bird flu and Sars are two typical examples that environmental destruction may threaten our life. Besides, forest destruction , water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather.
Serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it. First of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of "sustainable development", and laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforced strictly just as our government has been doing.
What' s more, every citizen should realize the seriousneof the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment. In addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment.
15篇英文小作文【三】
I went to Beijing more than eight times. Beijing is the capital of China. It’s a big city. I am very familiar with Beijing. It takes an hour and forty minutes from Nantong to Beijing by plane. There are many tall buildings in Beijing. It’s a modern city. My family visited the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Beihai Park, the Space Museum, etc. I went to the countryside of Beijing to go boating and fishing. It was very interesting. I went shopping in WangFuJing. I bought lots of souvenirs and other things. I like eating Beijing snacks. They are delicious. Don’t miss the Beijing Duck. It is really nice.
