1、第一段,描述存在的'现象,引起话题。
2、第二段,承上启下,解释这一现象的原因(原因一、二、三
3、第三段,给出自己的观点(观点一、二、三,总结结论。
In the cartoon we can see a large person being measured by a tailor to get suitable clothes made. Anything to be done must be measured in advance so that we are able to find a proper way to do it. If the tailor does not take measurements of the man, then he would not be able to make suitable clothes for this person.
This same principle applies to solving any other problem. Firstly, when we want to know the reality of something, we must describe it like it is, getting rid of our prejudices and exaggerations, so that we can have an unbiased view. Secondly, the object should be analyzed in a concrete way so that we can grasp the reasons and rules of it. Thirdly, we must adapt our approach to solving a problem, for each situation is different from the others. So we must view a problem from different perspectives.
The cartoon implies different meanings to different people. A teacher should adopt different teaching methods according to the students in the class; a doctor should prescribe different treatments according to the patient's symptoms; a farmer should seed different plants according to the various conditions of the earth. From a philosophical point of view, dissimilarproblems should be approached differently. Good results come from attentive analysis of a problem.
英语漫画作文写作指导
第一、读图审题
四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理,要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此,要写好四级漫画作文,审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画,弄清漫画的寓意,这是文章切题的保证。此外,在本次四级考试的三道写作题中,Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向,这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面笔者就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。
第二、谋篇布局
在把握文章的主旨之后,考生就可以构思整篇文章的架构了。四级漫画作文的写作可以分为下面三个段落。
第一段:开门见山,简要描述一下漫画内容,并指出漫画的寓意。描述漫画内容是为了揭示其中的寓意,是手段而不是目的,所以描述要简洁明快,一般来说一句话足矣。需要提醒考生的是,写作的Directions部分虽然给出了大致的写作主题,但是也要求考生对漫画进行简要描述,因此考生切不可抛开漫画内容直接展开议论。
第二段:表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的重心所在。比如,就第一道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段阐述阅读文学作品的重要性;就第二道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述为什么凡事必须从小事做起;就第三道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述掌握基本技能的重要性。
第三段:指出漫画的寓意对大学生的教育意义,或者提出解决问题的建议。考生需要注意的是,结尾段一般并不需要实质性的分析,其主要作用是总结和升华,使文章结构完整。所以结尾段的写作要简明扼要,点到即止。
第三、论证方法
漫画作文的第二段要表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的核心段落,也是作文字数达到要求的关键。因此,考生在这一段要浓墨重彩,写深、写透。在写这一段时,考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理,避免空泛的议论。针对这一核心段落,笔者在此推荐以下三种展开议论的常用方法,希望对考生有所启发。
1.条分缕析
在写作第二段时,考生可以从2~3个方面对观点展开论述,这种写法可使文章显得层次清楚、条理清晰。例如,本次四级作文第一道题目的第二段需要阐述阅读文学作品的重要性,考生就可以从以下两个方面展开:第一,相对于电子媒体,文学阅读更能培养人的想象力;第二,阅读文学作品能够帮助我们更好地了解社会。请参考下面的'范文。
There wasa time when children could relish (欣赏/ 也可以使用appreciate 替换 literature. But childrentoday can enjoy the sounds and action on a TV or computer screen. “So why bother reading?” some ask. The reasonis obvious: It enriches our imagination. When we read apiece of literature, we are living the life of RobinHood or starting an adventure with Tom Sawyer. In addition, literature is the mirror of society,whether it be poetry, drama or fiction. We know thesociety better through literature.
2.举例论证
如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理,那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例,尽量避免空洞的说教。比如,就本次四级作文第二道题目而言,考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起,最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子,用以证明只有从小事做起,才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。
Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin, a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery, he went on to build an empire of fast food.
3.类比论证
如果漫画中的寓意不容易通过具体的事例来证明,那么考生还可以使用类比论证的方法,即通过打比方来论证一个抽象的道理。比如,对于本次四级作文的第三道题目,考生可以在第二段中用学习打篮球的过程来打比方。学习打篮球时,只有先学会了投球、运球、传球这些基本技能,才能进一步学习高难度的技能。以此类推,无论做任何事情,只有掌握了基本的技能,才可能取得更大的成功。此外,考生还可以举出统计数字,用具体的研究结果来证明论点。请看下面的范文。
Simple as they mayseem, basic skills serve as the first link in the chain of success. Thisis analogous to learning to play basketball. If shooting, dribbling and passing are not mastered,learning advanced skills will become difficult, if notimpossible. A growing body of research has also documented that such basicskills as reading, writing and computing are highlycorrelated with success later in life. A 2012 study surveyed 300 CEOs ofFortune 500 companies and found that 87% attributed part of their success tothe basic skills they learned in primary school.
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.
There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.
what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.
Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another____________.In Conclusion____________________.一种事物或现象(负面意义倾向
(最后一句话看起来是在写花,但实际上不是,那么是写谁呢?)
2.第二天,我起得特别早,推开窗户,听见一阵“哗…哗…”的扫地声。“是王阿姨在扫地。”我忍不住说了一句。只见她低着头,用一只大口罩捂住了大半个脸,双手挥动着扫帚,认认真真地扫着马路。遇到那些躲在角落里不想出来的泥土、落叶、沙石、纸屑,她就蹲下身子去,用手一点一点地把它们掏出来。
(写得越细致的地方,越让人难忘,最后一句描写就产生了这样的效果。)
3.每当落日的余辉给大地镀上一层金光的时候,公园里就显得格外安静。就在这个宁静的公园里,在这绿叶映衬的花丛中,我的脑海中就会浮现出一位略微驼背的老人。他在这里走走停停,停停走走,时而修枝剪叶,时而停在一棵花前仔细观察。他,就是我的隔壁邻居王大爷。
(这段中有两个反复用的叠词,虽然很简单,但却写出王大爷走路的样子,很有味儿。)
4.清晨,天刚蒙蒙亮,我们弄堂口就开始热闹起来了,不时地飘来阵阵面粉的香味。小行叔叔在人群中穿梭似的走着,照前顾后,忙个不停。真不明白,大清早哪来这么多的顾客?这就是小行叔叔的一个“行”字。
(“刚……就”,这样的句式能够形容出在很短的时间里发生的事情,学会了它,以后就能用。)
5.一个寒冷的冬天,我去朝阳菜市场买菜。那天,西北风呼呼地刮着。我缩着脖子向前走着。这时,我看见了一位正在卖“心里美”萝卜的老农民。那位农民的黝黑的脸上布满了皱纹。他头戴一顶大棉帽子,穿着一身黑色的中式棉袄和一双旧棉鞋。在他面前的那堆萝卜上,摆着两朵雕刻精致的“萝卜花”。那鲜艳的红萝卜花好像是在无视威严的冬天,它给人们带来了温暖的春意。
(棉帽、棉袄和棉鞋,一下子就把卖菜农民的外貌特征写出来了。)
6.一天放学回家,我在大院里遇上了这位修搓板的老人,指导《写人的作文写法》。他头发已经花白,鼻梁上架着一副老花镜,给人一种稳重和蔼的感觉。他肩扛一个旧木凳,手提一个竹筐,里面盛满了工具。这时我想起家里正好有一个搓衣板坏了,就赶忙飞快地跑回家去,从床底下取出了搓板又奔回到他的身旁。“小弟弟,快歇着,我这就给你修。”老人不等我开口,就先亲切地招呼我,我递过搓板,他放下凳子和竹筐就干了起来。他干得那么认真,先拿起一个铁打的两头锋利的工具,对着搓板的`一条棱,另一只手握着一个小榔头,一敲,再用力一推,木板上立刻泛起了一个小木花,随即又落在地上。他的动作是那么准确熟练。
(最后部分写修搓板的过程,写得多么细致啊,这全靠小作者当时的细心观察,加上较好的语言表达能力,才能够这样生动具体地描绘出老人修搓板的过程。)
7.“同志,你想买些什么?”一位细高个儿、大眼睛的服务员满面笑容地走过来。妈妈连忙说:“我想买几枝塑料花。”妈妈望着货架上五颜六色的花,不知买哪一枝好。女售货员好像猜透了妈妈的心思,微笑着从货架上拿下几枝五彩缤纷、鲜艳美丽的塑料花说:“同志,你看这几枝可以吗?”“行,行!”妈妈连声地称赞着。售货员麻利地用绳子将花束在一起,递给了妈妈。
(这一段的对话写得较好,一个是符合人物的身份,还有一个就是小作者把对话与人物的神情和动作结合起来描写,这样就更加生动了。)
8.突然,我听见头顶上传来一阵树木的断裂声,接着一个东西从上面掉了下来,巨大的声音把我从陶醉中惊醒了过来。我定睛一看,啊呀,余莹从树上摔了下来!我赶忙跑过去,看看她怎样了。
(“断裂、巨大”这两个词语用得较准确生动。“啊呀”这个词也用得很生动,让人好像听见了“我”的大叫一样,感到惊讶。)
9.终于到了缝针这一关了,他怕我忍不住伤痛,便不停地和我说话,鼓励我,还用他那蒲扇般的大手在我脸上抚摸着。缝着,缝着。我忽然觉得有些异样,抬头一看,叔叔的额上成片地沁出了汗珠,脸上的肌肉不停地颤动,嘴唇发白,每缝一针,嘴唇便不由自主地抽搐一下,手还紧紧地攥住了我的两只手腕,仿佛缝的不是我,而是他自己一样,我当时还暗笑这位叔叔的胆小:“我都没这样,叔叔怎么这么害怕呀?”殊不知,叔叔是担心我才这样的呀!
(写脸上的肌肉和写嘴唇的抽搐,都很细致,把叔叔关心我而紧张的样子非常具体地写出来了。)
This cartoon is silly, and yet compelling: a large customer holds a hopelessly small piece of cloth as the tailor carefully measures. Such an image suggests that one needs to consider practical reality in the pursuance of goals. Merely acting on one's desires, while ignoring the facts at hand, cannot lead to success.
The fact that currently there are more graduates than jobs reminds us of the importance of rational thinking. Every year approximately 3 million students graduate from universities and begin looking for work. Many of them fail to find suitable employment because there are simply not enough opportunities to accommodate such great numbers of graduates. In addition, however, one might also cite flawed individual assessment as a reason.
In order to create a realistic target for one's future, one must make rational decisions and prepare accordingly. A student who aims to be a surgeon, for example, must take care to acquire opportunities to do clinical practice and gain sufficient knowledge. In other words, customers would do well to take accurate measurements before purchasing their fabric. A small piece of cloth cannot adequately clothe a large person.
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Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
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In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
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Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
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