1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
网课,是疫情时美丽的流行;关怀,是生活中永恒的经典。——题记
E-learning is a beautiful epidemic in the epidemic; caring is an eternal classic in life. ——Inscription
疫情的肆虐使今年的.寒假出奇地漫长。为了让我们“停课不停学”,老师们都摇身变成了“主播”或线上“客服”。一时间,网课成了美丽的流行,而老师们隔空的帮助让学生觉得这个寒假不太冷。
This years winter vacation is surprisingly long because of the epidemic. In order to let us "stop classes and never stop learning", teachers have become "anchor" or "customer service" online. For a while, online classes became a beautiful fashion, and the teachers help in the gap made students feel that this winter vacation was not too cold.
网课之初,我们学生大部分还可以管控好自己。可“路遥知马力,日久见人心”,有些同学渐渐显示出了本色,私底下约定时间玩游戏、跟同学聊天,甚至忘记了上网课。可是你们知道吗,老师为了让我们“不停学”,费尽了心血。
At the beginning of online classes, most of our students were able to control themselves. However, some students have gradually shown their true colors. They have privately arranged time to play games, chat with their classmates, and even forget about online classes. But did you know that the teacher made great efforts to keep us going.
就说我们班的黄老师吧,每天傍晚,都要为我们准备第二天的所有学习任务清单。老师要先把视频课看一遍,如果效果不好,又会继续搜寻,一定要寻找到最好的学习资源,争取不给学生留下一丝漏洞和不好的体验。
Lets say that Mr. Huang in our class prepares a list of all the learning tasks for us every evening. The teacher should watch the video lesson first. If the effect is not good, he will continue to search. He must find the best learning resources to avoid leaving any loopholes and bad experience for the students.
接着随时监督学生的作业完成情况,那一份份电子作业发出去,每一次都收到写55份作业图片。是图片啊,你能想象得到,老师在屏幕上认真批改每个同学作业的情景吗?不仅有勾画圈点,还有批语呀。张同学哪个字写错了,李同学这个句子不通顺,王同学的字迹太潦草……老师都会一一批注,还经常出现鼓励性语言,为同学们加油,而且几乎不重复。
Then monitor the completion of the students homework at any time. When the electronic homework is sent out, 55 pictures of the homework are received each time. Its a picture. Can you imagine that the teacher carefully corrects each students homework on the screen? There are not only sketching circles, but also comments. Whats wrong with Zhang? Lis sentence is not smooth. Wangs handwriting is too scrawly Teachers will annotate one by one, and often use encouraging language to cheer students on, and almost no repetition.
那次小朱同学忘提交作业了,老师便马上用短信提醒,收到作业图片后,又马上批改,并督促订正。面对作业质量差、态度不认真的同学,老师还会进行电话家访。老师还会在百忙之中抽时间解答学生的疑问呢!
That time, Zhu forgot to submit his homework. The teacher immediately reminded him with a text message. After receiving the pictures, he immediately corrected them and urged them to correct them. In the face of the students with poor quality and not serious attitude, the teacher will also make a telephone home visit. The teacher will take time out of his busy schedule to answer the students questions!
那一次,我在学习文言文《掩耳盗铃》时遇到了困惑,便发了一条信息咨询老师。知道老师很忙,根本没指望老师马上能回复。可出乎意料,不到一分钟,竟然收到了老师的回复,回复中不仅有文字,还有查证的图片,最后还附上一段让我信心满怀的鼓励性话语:很高兴你能这么积极主动地钻研,老师为你的发现和大胆质疑叫好。以后学习上遇到有分歧的问题,不要迷信权威,只管大胆求证。为你的探究精神点赞!
That time, when I was learning the classical Chinese "hiding my ears and stealing the bell", I met with confusion and sent an information consultation to the teacher. Knowing that the teacher is very busy, I didnt expect the teacher to reply immediately. But unexpectedly, I received the teachers reply in less than a minute. There were not only words but also verified pictures in the reply. At the end of the reply, I also attached a piece of encouraging words that made me confident and full of confidence: Im glad that you can study so actively, and the teacher applauds your discovery and bold query. In the future, if you encounter different problems in your study, dont believe in authority, just dare to prove it. Praise your spirit of inquiry!
我不知道这次疫情还有多久才能结束,但网课却给我们的学习增添了新时代的快乐,已成为我成长中遇到的最美丽的流行;老师的付出和大爱,让我们的心通过互联网这根神秘的丝线,紧紧地联系在一起,那无微不至的关怀,已成为我生活中永恒的经典。
I dont know how long it will take for the epidemic to end, but online classes have added a new era of happiness to our learning, which has become the most beautiful fashion I have ever met in my growth. The teachers efforts and love have made our hearts closely linked through the mysterious thread of the Internet. That meticulous care has become an eternal classic in my life.
现在疫情当前,为了学生安全,不集聚在一起,我们不能到学校上课,历史上放得最长的一次寒假。为了我们学习,老师在网上直播辅导我们学习。
At present, for the sake of the safety of students, we cant go to school without gathering together. Its the longest winter vacation in history. For our study, the teacher tutored us live online.
为了这次疫情,全国各省各地展开“停课不停学”老师直播上课行动,许多教育机构推出各种学习软件。名师在线免费教学,帮助学生学习,在线辅导。
In order to deal with the epidemic, all provinces and regions across the country launched a live action of "no suspension of classes" for teachers, and many educational institutions launched various learning software. Famous teachers online free teaching, help students learn, online tutoring.
因为上网课直播,各省老师出现了不同的争论。湖南哪吒“对多数学生说,网课的授课效果根本得不到保证,这种形式主义何必存在?”我觉得湖南老师说得不错,上网课,有一部分爱学习的学生能坚持上网课,但是有一部分不自律的同学开着直播就该干嘛干嘛去。所以说上网课不一定得到学习效果。
Because of the live broadcast of online classes, teachers in various provinces have different arguments. Hunan Nezha said to most students that the teaching effect of online courses is not guaranteed at all. Why does this formalism exist I think Hunan teachers are right. In the online class, some students who love learning can insist on the online class, but some students who are not self disciplined can do what they should do when they open the live broadcast. So online classes dont necessarily get learning results.
我个人是觉得上网课没什么学习效果,上网课,老师在线直播辅导各同学,但是人数多,老师又不能每一个人都顾及得到,每个人的问题不一样,只能挑重点讲。一个人在房间里学习,没有在学校教室里学习氛围好。作息时间混乱,晚上熬夜,晚睡觉,预定多个闹钟。早上起来打完卡接着睡。上网课老师不能面对面教导,许多同学都是敷衍了事。老师与同学之间缺乏互动,对于学习好求者可能受益匪浅,但是对于厌倦学习者,学习上没有一点效果,需要老师面对面教导,当面监督学习情况。
Personally, I dont think the online class has any learning effect. The online class and the teachers live online tutoring for each student have a large number of students, but the teacher cant take everyone into consideration. Everyones problems are different, so we can only focus on them. A person in the room to study, not in the school classroom learning atmosphere. The schedule is chaotic. Stay up late, go to bed late, and reserve multiple alarm clocks. Get up in the morning, punch in and go to sleep. Teachers cant teach online lessons face to face, many students are perfunctory. The lack of interaction between teachers and students may benefit those who are good at learning, but for those who are tired of learning, there is no effect in learning. Teachers need to teach face-to-face and supervise learning face to face.
上网课对贫困家庭来说,不方便,有可能老是断网,要是家庭人口多的家庭,孩子都在上网课有可能网络卡。住在农村里的有一些没有信号不好的同学来说也麻烦,不能好好上网课。对上小学的同学们都是没有手机的,父母要出去工作,根本起不到学习作用。
Internet class is inconvenient for poor families. It is possible to always disconnect from the Internet. If there is a family with a large population, it is possible for children to use Internet cards in Internet class. Living in the countryside, some students who dont have a good signal are also in trouble. They cant have a good online class. There is no cell phone for the students in primary school. If parents want to go out to work, they cant learn at all.
学生的专注不在直播上,面对着QQ、微信、游戏、电视的诱惑,有很多学生难以拒绝诱惑,没有吧精力放在上网课上。老师也不知道学生在干什么,人数过多,有的学生一边手机上网课,一边睡觉。或者手机上网课,而学生却在看电视。手机电脑电视对眼睛视力有一定影响,对眼睛不好。
Students focus is not on live broadcast. Facing the temptation of QQ, wechat, games and TV, many students are hard to resist the temptation and have no energy to focus on online classes. Teachers also dont know what students are doing. There are too many students, some of whom are sleeping while taking lessons on the Internet. Or mobile Internet class, while students are watching TV. The mobile phone computer TV has certain influence on the eyesight, but it is not good for the eyes.
所以我觉得,上网课不一定取得到老师授课学习效果,有一些学生未能适应网上学习。学习情况未能得到提升。但是在这个特殊时期,我们现在只能在网上学习了,无论如何,还是希望各位同学们认真上网课,能学一点是一点了。希望学校开学通知早一点来,开始怀念在教室里面学习的日子了。
So I dont think that online classes can achieve the effect of teaching and learning by teachers, and some students cant adapt to online learning. Learning has not been improved. But in this special period, we can only learn online now. In any case, I hope that all the students will take online classes seriously and learn a little bit. I hope that the school notice will come earlier and start to miss the days of studying in the classroom.
今天,我写完作业,拿着一块豆沙面包,高高兴兴地出去玩。
一不小心,一块豆沙馅儿掉在了地上。不一会儿,一只小蚂蚁来了,它先用鼻子闻了闻,又用触角动了动,然后,绕着豆沙馅儿转了几圈,好像觉得没问题了,就用夹子夹起一小块走了,我以为它饿了,想给自己搬回去些美食,谁知,它走到蚂蚁洞门口放下豆沙馅钻进洞去了。不一会儿,又上来了一只小蚂蚁,不,是两只,三只……
哦,原来小蚂蚁是把它们的伙伴都交来搬运食物了,你看它们,搬得多带劲呀!小块的一人夹,大块的两人扛,不一会儿,一块豆沙馅就分抢一空了。
我想再看得仔细些,就又故意仍下一块豆沙馅,这回,有一只小蚂蚁想搬块大的,不料刚晃晃悠悠走了几步,自己就被压在了豆沙馅下面,两只小腿在不停地上下踢着,试图努力站起来,我真不忍心看下去,就用手轻轻一拨,小蚂蚁咕噜一下翻过了身,小蚂蚁得救了,它爬到我的跟前,用触角碰碰我的鞋,好像在说:“谢谢你救了我,还给我们这么多好吃的东西。”这下,小蚂蚁吸取了教训,叫了一个同伴一起把大豆沙馅扛回洞去。这么大的一块豆沙馅又被它们搬完了。蚂蚁虽小,但是心里却时时想着别人,有好东西能够大家一起分享,还有它们的团结互助精神和坚韧不拔的毅力,对比我们人类,难道不应该向小蚂蚁学点什么吗?
学习雷锋精神是社会主义传统的优良美德,可是当我看完这几幅画后,真为当今人们的思想感到不安。
你瞧,是谁在出板报呢?喔,原来是报社的王叔叔,只见他正拿着粉笔在版墙上出报,他想写“向雷锋同志学习”,发扬雷锋精神,希望人民都向雷锋学习,养成乐于助人的品质。没想到他刚写到“向雷锋”时,不远处有一个青年骑着自行车走过来,当他看到“向雷锋”这几个字时,便大笑道:“这年头哪来的雷锋!”王叔叔听到这几句话后瞅了他一眼,刚想走过来教训这无知的青年,谁知他加快速度溜走了。王叔叔叹了一口气,又继续写下去了。那青年一边骑单车,一边东张西望,一不小心撞到了一块大石头,他整个人从车上弹了出来,摔着了头。有位执勤的老人看见后,由于身体虚,便大喊道:“来人啊!有人受伤了。”王叔叔随声而来,王叔叔看到他头流血了,便马上为他包扎伤口,然后又背起青年往医院跑去。背在背上的那位青年望了身后那位60多岁的老人,心中不由得感到惭愧,他想:就连一位60多岁的老人都帮助我,没有考虑到自己的身体情况,这不是助人为乐的精神吗?他不由地说:“真是活雷锋啊!”
希望社会上的人民啊!学习雷锋乐于助人的精神吧!做到人人为我,我为人人,让雷锋精神永世长在吧!
网课,是疫情时美丽的流行;关怀,是生活中永恒的经典。——题记
E-learning is a beautiful epidemic in the epidemic; caring is an eternal classic in life. ——Inscription
疫情的肆虐使今年的寒假出奇地漫长。为了让我们“停课不停学”,老师们都摇身变成了“主播”或线上“客服”。一时间,网课成了美丽的流行,而老师们隔空的帮助让学生觉得这个寒假不太冷。
This years winter vacation is surprisingly long because of the epidemic. In order to let us "stop classes and never stop learning", teachers have become "anchor" or "customer service" online. For a while, online classes became a beautiful fashion, and the teachers help in the gap made students feel that this winter vacation was not too cold.
网课之初,我们学生大部分还可以管控好自己。可“路遥知马力,日久见人心”,有些同学渐渐显示出了本色,私底下约定时间玩游戏、跟同学聊天,甚至忘记了上网课。可是你们知道吗,老师为了让我们“不停学”,费尽了心血。
At the beginning of online classes, most of our students were able to control themselves. However, some students have gradually shown their true colors. They have privately arranged time to play games, chat with their classmates, and even forget about online classes. But did you know that the teacher made great efforts to keep us going.
就说我们班的黄老师吧,每天傍晚,都要为我们准备第二天的所有学习任务清单。老师要先把视频课看一遍,如果效果不好,又会继续搜寻,一定要寻找到最好的学习资源,争取不给学生留下一丝漏洞和不好的体验。
Lets say that Mr. Huang in our class prepares a list of all the learning tasks for us every evening. The teacher should watch the video lesson first. If the effect is not good, he will continue to search. He must find the best learning resources to avoid leaving any loopholes and bad experience for the students.
接着随时监督学生的作业完成情况,那一份份电子作业发出去,每一次都收到写55份作业图片。是图片啊,你能想象得到,老师在屏幕上认真批改每个同学作业的情景吗?不仅有勾画圈点,还有批语呀。张同学哪个字写错了,李同学这个句子不通顺,王同学的字迹太潦草……老师都会一一批注,还经常出现鼓励性语言,为同学们加油,而且几乎不重复。
Then monitor the completion of the students homework at any time. When the electronic homework is sent out, 55 pictures of the homework are received each time. Its a picture. Can you imagine that the teacher carefully corrects each students homework on the screen? There are not only sketching circles, but also comments. Whats wrong with Zhang? Lis sentence is not smooth. Wangs handwriting is too scrawly Teachers will annotate one by one, and often use encouraging language to cheer students on, and almost no repetition.
那次小朱同学忘提交作业了,老师便马上用短信提醒,收到作业图片后,又马上批改,并督促订正。面对作业质量差、态度不认真的同学,老师还会进行电话家访。老师还会在百忙之中抽时间解答学生的疑问呢!
That time, Zhu forgot to submit his homework. The teacher immediately reminded him with a text message. After receiving the pictures, he immediately corrected them and urged them to correct them. In the face of the students with poor quality and not serious attitude, the teacher will also make a telephone home visit. The teacher will take time out of his busy schedule to answer the students questions!
那一次,我在学习文言文《掩耳盗铃》时遇到了困惑,便发了一条信息咨询老师。知道老师很忙,根本没指望老师马上能回复。可出乎意料,不到一分钟,竟然收到了老师的回复,回复中不仅有文字,还有查证的图片,最后还附上一段让我信心满怀的鼓励性话语:很高兴你能这么积极主动地钻研,老师为你的发现和大胆质疑叫好。以后学习上遇到有分歧的问题,不要迷信权威,只管大胆求证。为你的探究精神点赞!
That time, when I was learning the classical Chinese "hiding my ears and stealing the bell", I met with confusion and sent an information consultation to the teacher. Knowing that the teacher is very busy, I didnt expect the teacher to reply immediately. But unexpectedly, I received the teachers reply in less than a minute. There were not only words but also verified pictures in the reply. At the end of the reply, I also attached a piece of encouraging words that made me confident and full of confidence: Im glad that you can study so actively, and the teacher applauds your discovery and bold query. In the future, if you encounter different problems in your study, dont believe in authority, just dare to prove it. Praise your spirit of inquiry!
我不知道这次疫情还有多久才能结束,但网课却给我们的学习增添了新时代的快乐,已成为我成长中遇到的最美丽的流行;老师的付出和大爱,让我们的心通过互联网这根神秘的丝线,紧紧地联系在一起,那无微不至的关怀,已成为我生活中永恒的经典。
I dont know how long it will take for the epidemic to end, but online classes have added a new era of happiness to our learning, which has become the most beautiful fashion I have ever met in my growth. The teachers efforts and love have made our hearts closely linked through the mysterious thread of the Internet. That meticulous care has become an eternal classic in my life.
为纪念改革开放30周年,我决定创作一幅作品,主要表现自党的十一届三中全会以来,农村在加强“三农建设”和“社会主义新农村建设”中所取得的成就。在明确了主题后,我想出了“人寿年丰”的题目。并且,在创作中,我始终都围绕着这个主题。
首先,在大的构图上,我采用古代壁画那种层层垒高式的构图,力求给人一种纵深感。而且,我将所有物象都集中放在北方的一个农村中加以表现。为什么要选择北方农村呢?理由有三点:第一,我是北方人,对北方的山川、树木、河流、房屋及那里的风土人情都非常熟悉,且有很深的乡土情结。如山西北部,农民过去穿着用红花布做的红祖腰,配以铜疙瘩扣,再配一条大裆裤,这是当地极具特色的打扮。第二,在荒凉的北方,每当我看到冒着炊烟的村落,就有一种家的感觉。只要和当地人围坐在土炕席上,在那盏摇曳的油灯下,看着拱形窗棂上贴着的红色窗花,闻着屋里那混合着酸菜味和脚汗味的空气,吃着瓜子,聊着天,都会感觉十分亲切。第三,我曾当过知青,种过田,掏过粪,垒过石坝,平整过土地,熟悉农村生活,对农民有一种特殊的感情。
为了说明农民生活水平的.逐步提高,我决定从画面左下角画起,用螺旋上升的构图,表现改革开放以来农民生活的巨大变化。我在画面左下角表现了人们用肩挑的方式收获庄稼的场景;再往上,画的是人们用车拉庄稼。在表现人们的物质生活方面,我画了满树的桃子、丰收的稻谷、肥硕的牛羊,以及照相馆、美发厅、煤气罐、太阳能热水器、小汽车、大卡车、摩托车、推土机、公用电话、手机等;在表现文化生活上,有广场电影和村民自娱自乐的文艺演出,有街头载歌载舞的古装表演、震天动地的锣鼓表演,还有卡拉OK厅里的轻歌曼舞等;在表现教育方面,有学生朗朗读书的场景,有幼儿园儿童们欢快玩耍的场景;在表现医疗方面,则有“新农合”医务所……
为了营造民间的浪漫、吉祥气氛,我在画面上画了麒麟送子、和合纳福、刘海戏蟾、金猪献寿、喜报三元、抓髻娃娃、金猴奉桃等喜庆图案,力求画面更有民间装饰性和观赏性。为了体现军民之间的鱼水之情,我还在画面上表现了解放军送医疗、文化、科技下乡和为百姓抢险救灾的场面。
在人物选型上,我吸收民间剪纸的造型规律,尽可能地将人物夸张。如在扭腰器上锻炼的姑娘,竟让扭腰器旋转了360度,把腰扭成了麻花,极具夸张效果。在时间表现上,我运用民间艺术的理念,打破了一般规律。如表现人物的服饰,可以四季不分;表现人们看电影的场景,可以昼夜不分。我认为,只要画面需要,就可以大胆地画上去,虽看似不合理,但实际合理。在整体色彩上,我主要选用绿色,辅以赭石,用赭绿色调来表现这里一片生机盎然的景象。在赭绿色这种主色调下,我又用其他一些色调来丰富画面,以免画面色彩过于单一和呆板。
向民间学习,向积淀深厚的传统文化学习,并融入当代的一些新理念,从而画出自己的风格和特色,这是我创作《人寿年丰》的主要思路,也是我多年一直追求的绘画目标。
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