1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
中华民族很早就以“礼仪之邦”闻名于世。遥遥数千年前。上至皇亲国戚、三公九卿。下至黎民百姓、士农工商都深受等级森严的封建礼教制度的束缚。那么传统文化礼仪究竟意味着什么呢?
古代三纲五常、三从四得、九礼等等都从不同的角度阐述着社会各个阶层的交流方式,从某种意义上来讲这种封建思想有极大的弊端。繁琐的条条框框呆板的禁锢着人们的思想。扼***着人们相往自由、追求浪漫的灵魂。当然其中也不乏值得人们称讼的精髓部分。那就是尊师重教、孝敬父母、检点行为等。新时期的道德关念大抵也是数千年来约定俗成形成结果。正确、全面的审视文化的魅力就是在于看功大于过、还是利大于弊。纵贯中国古代历史就是压迫与被压迫的交替、演变、进化。较为严格的上下级关系违背着人人生而平等的意念。甚至能注定世世代代为奴为婢的命运。他们处于金字塔的底层行使着受压迫被奴役的权利。显然这种现象从总体上来说不利于国民整体素质的提升。却大大抑制了社会的向前发展。对于这些不利于时代特色的文化只有舍弃在历史的长河之中。而对于一些精要之处则要吸取并为社会生活服务,譬如孔融让梨、缇萦救父、香九龄温席等一些妇儒皆知、传承至今的历史典故都是值得发扬广大的。糟粕的文化就该尘封在史料中,毕竟它们在历史舞台上留下过“美”的痕迹。提供价值依据参考、熟读历史考实录无疑是通晓古今、知道兴衰的最好方式!精华是要继承的而糟粕也不是要彻底遗弃的!遗弃的方式有多种,其一、存而不用,明晓一二。其二、不存不用,消失净尽。两种不同的处理方式,窃以为后者做法更好一些。借用中庸思想来讲万物的兴衰存无都是有规律的。全盘否定与肯定都不符合事物的发展规律!糟粕的东西知而不为是最好的办法!难道不正是由于在旧的基础上才推出的新么?不能正面面对自己民族历史的民族算不的上是优等会民族,忘记糟粕有时也等同于凌空而建的空中楼阁。糟粕难道不是堆砌成功、再铸辉煌的基石么!糟粕、精华、落后、进步这不正是一个民族由幼稚走向成熟的标志吗!
综上所述包括处理方式在内的一切行动能力都有其变通的余地!理智的保留、盲目的舍弃给人来相差万里的感觉!理智者、理性也。权衡利弊。发复推敲的结果让人更加信服。盲目者、胡做也。数典忘祖。不计后果的行为难以服众!
咱们的中国传统文化博大精深,渊远流长。今天,我要向大家介绍的就是传统文化——剪纸啦!
剪纸的种类有很多,比如:窗花、喜花、礼花、鞋花、门筏、湾州布影、斗香花、剪纸团花、剪纸旗幡、剪纸汉字、剪纸图画等等。我次就只介绍介绍剪纸图画、剪纸汉字和剪纸旗幡。
剪纸图画就是在一张纸上剪出一副画来。你先看看这幅“书生”,上面有一位正在拿着书在读的先生,一看他的样子就是一位书生;再看看这幅“凤凰戏牡丹”,上面有一只凤凰在一朵牡丹上玩耍,活像一个小孩在玩耍……
剪纸汉字也是先拿出一张纸,然后在上面剪出一些汉字,还可以剪艺术字呢!我也曾经剪过,非常的漂亮,不信,你自己试试!你看了准会说很好看,因为这是以前传下来的吗!
剪纸旗幡我也做过,(是照自己的方式做的我先拿来一条1分米的棍子,再拿来一张纸,吧之间成一个三角形的形状,(自己看一下该剪多大最后再把纸粘上去。就做成了,你试试吧!
中国还有很多传统文化,比如:书法、刺绣等等。怎么样,咱们中国是不是有很多传统文化?
第三次课: 分词在句子中的用法
教学目标: 使学生初步了解及在句子使用分词
教学内容:
一、 动名词及不定式作业讲解
二、分词
现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为谓语,现在分词和be 一起构成进行时;过去分词和be一起构成被动语态,和have一起构成完成时。
例如:
I am reading a novel by Maupassant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。(现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。)
Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。(过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。)
The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。(过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。)
作为非谓语形式,分词可用作形容词和副词,在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态;它的完成式(having + 过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词。
过去分词只有一般式,表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词(及物动词)本身可以表示被动的含义,因而没有别的被动形式。
例如:
Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. 他失败了三次,不想再干了。(having failed 表示发生在前的动作)
Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe? 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候,看见沙上有人的脚印。(walking 表示同时发生的动作)
The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems important. 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。
The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。(gone 表示完成的状态)
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。(cut 是及物动词的过去分词,表示“被人理发”。) 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。
例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火,用手去摸,把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙。
(一)现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之,现在分词是它修饰
的成分所作出的动作,过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
例如:
convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众
the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级
a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗
driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
例如:
the rising sun (正在升起的太阳 / the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the falling rain(正在下的雨)/ the fallen leaves(落下的树叶)
stolen money(被盗的钱/偷来的钱)/ill-gotten wealth(不义之财)
a high-flying kite(高飞的风筝)
再看一些例子:
boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
再看一些例子:
surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪
(3)做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。
例如:
His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。
We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。
The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。
常用的还有:amusing/amused,astonishing/astonished,disappointing/disappointed,exciting/excited,frightening/frightened,interesting interested,moving/moved, relaxing/relaxed,satisfying/satisfied,shocking/shocked,surprising/surprised,terrifying/terrified,tiring/tired,worrying/worried等等。
(4)做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
例如:
Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义,几乎同时
The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚,给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义,同时
Tired of the noise,he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦,所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义,
在谓语之前
Deeply moved,she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动,再三谢我。(被动意义,在谓语之前
Persuade by my mother,she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下,她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义,在谓语之前
如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生,现在分词要用完成形式,但意思仍然是主动的。 例如:
Having watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having finished the work,he packed his tools and left。完工后,他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时,前面可用连词或介词。
例如:
After eating my dinner quickly,I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。 Though built before the Second World War,the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的,这引擎仍然处于良好状态。
Unless paying by credit card,please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款,请用现金付。 Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事,除非被逼无奈。 She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后,她大变了。
(二)用法
1.作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:
This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。这是一本有趣的书。
There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。
Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing?唱歌的学生多数是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned?被问的许多村里人都拒绝。
注意:(1)分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别:
分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系,而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。
现在分词 动名词
A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car(a car for sleeping卧车
A flying bird(a bird that is flying飞鸟 A flying course(a course for flying飞行课程
A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming游泳的女孩 A swimming pool(a pool for swimming游泳池
The running water(the water that is running流水 The running track(the track for running跑道 现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读,动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。
(2)现在分词作定语时,它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生。
例如:
Who is the boy dancing over there?在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?
The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。
如果两个动作在时间上有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而往往用主从复合句结构。 例如:
The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。
The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。
(3)be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词。表示这种概念时,也用主从复合句结构。
例如:
He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
例如:
Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,They stood up。学生们看见老师走进房间,都站了起来。 (时间
Heated,the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间
Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ,I couldn’t go to sleep。我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因
Being a student,he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student,he was interested in sports。 他是个学生,所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞,决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因 The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式
The professor stood there,surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。教授站在那里,许多学生围着他。(行为方式
While reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。看报时,父亲不时地点头。(时间(分词前,可加表示时间的连词while或when。
3、作宾语补足语。
例如:
Can you get the machine going again?你能使机器再动起来吗?
You should have your hair cut。你该理发了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看见他来了。
4、作表语。
例如:
The film is very moving。这部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作业做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.参观者看上去很惊讶。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。
5、作句子独立成分(分词有自己的逻辑主语时,称为独立主格结构。)
例如:
Flags flying,the army men marched in the streets。旗帜飘扬,军队在街上行进。
All his ribs broken,he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折断,半死不活地躺着。
分词(短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间,解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better。如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。(过去分词given表示的动作是句子主语the trees承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系
We explored the caves,Peter acting as guide。我们到那山洞探险,彼得做向导。 (独立主格 The train having gone,we had to wait another day。分词短语做状语时,前面可以加上连词或介词,但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but,and,因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分,而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
例如:
误:Having been told many times,but he still couldn’t understand it。
正:He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。
注意:(1)分词作状语时,逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。 例如:
Looking out of the window,I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window,I saw lots of people there。
我往窗外一看,看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语I。
(2)在see,hear,watch,notice等动词后,用动词不定式作宾语补语,通常表示(强调动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语,则通常表示动作正在进行。 例如:
We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时,看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间,看见老师正存做实验
I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间,打开抽屉,拿出一份文件,拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时,用动词不定式。
所谓传统文化,可以说是一个民族丰富的特色,一个国家独有的标志,一段历史熔炼的精髓。
中国的传统文化可谓是五彩斑斓了,可以是建筑,书籍,服饰,它包罗万千,丰富广博。就如中国传统文化中代表性的神物“龙”的形象。其实龙本不存在,它只是古代的人们为拥有神奇力量的向往,因此作为自己民族的图腾,有着鹿角、虎须、蛇身、凤爪等多种特征,融合了多名族的文化。龙就似我们我们中华民族,象征着中华民族的传统文化,反映了中华民族对伟大神力向往的美好理想。
“中华汉字,生动形象”,在我们的日常生活中与我们关系最密切的就是汉字了,这也是我们“传播文明,盖世无双”的传统文化之一。它的特点嘛,就是“对联形式,汉子独创,左右工整,能简能祥,既便言志,又供观赏。”说起汉字我们无不想到书法文化。值得赞扬的是,即使书法的年龄远远大于我们现代人,但我们间的距离却似穿越的效果。在此,我也是书法的传承者之一,它的美感“篆书隶书,古色古香,行书流畅,正楷端庄,狂草奔放,凤舞龙翔,”我也深有体会。对于写书法的传统用具——毛笔,柔软优雅,创作的字体有胖有瘦,或直或曲,时而粗糙时而顺滑,无不体现着各种线条的美感,无不透露着写作人当时的心境。然而西方人用的钢笔却只能将字死死地呆呆地“刻”在纸上,所以西方国家没有书法这一说。这就是中华民族先辈的智慧结晶,也是中华民族传统文化的独特,值得我们华夏子孙传承。说到书法,我便想起中考语文要提高分值,会在书法和文言文方面加以重视,这样一来就对我们中学生了解掌握中国传统文化做了进一步的要求,传统文化进入校园考场啦!由此可见,传统文化的重要性,我们也应该了解重视它。
反观我们现代社会,经历多次战事,以及全球化资本主义的冲击,一再使得文化的传统根基早就如同一片风中摇摇欲坠的枯叶。再加上我们的经济日渐富裕,西化的生活方式在中国人的生活中也越来越普遍,但这也不能是我们的心灵感到满足。如何重新找回中国传统文化中固有的美感,继续传承它呢?那就得扎根于我们的生活,就当我们对传统文化多一些关注,多一些了解吧!
传统文化如同民族的灵魂,蕴含着不屈的希望与力量;传统文化是民族发展的原动力,给人们勇攀高峰的斗志与毅力;传统文化仿佛是一座沟通世界的桥梁,传递给世界温暖与色彩。因此,我想说:让我们共同守护我们的传统文化吧!
最近名为“全世界最有影响力的前十二名文化大国”的调查结果已经揭晓。中国以拥有众多的优秀传统文化位居第二名,这个好消息令大家欢欣不已。但当我们静下心来与拥有众多备受欢迎的现代文化的美国作比较时,我们的优势在于我们历史悠久的传统文化。然而在我们的传统文化被很多外国朋友欣赏的时候,我们自身是否足够重视它呢?如果我们不能很好地传承传统文化,这难道不是我们民族的悲哀吗?
现实情况值得社会担忧。如今很多国人特别是青少年朋友,他们对外来文化有高度的认同。于是我们不再对“哈韩”、“哈日”感到大惊小怪,不再对好莱坞影片感到陌生。其实,感受、学习外国文化的精华并没有错。但过分的关注与模仿必将导致对传统文化的漠视。可以说,外来文化已经对我们的传统文化产生了冲击。这种现状值得我们关注。
令人欣慰的是,越来越多的人已经懂得守护我们的传统文化的重要性。例如著名作家冯骥才实地考察并用所写文章表达了呼吁人们保护传统文化的迫切心声。他说:“民间艺术是民族情感与精神的载体之一,普查与记录是为了见证与记载一种历史精神。”是啊。倘若我们失去了珍贵的传统文化,我们的内心会不会时常感受到一种不能诉说的苦衷呢?更让我们感到欣慰的是政府的未雨绸缪。为了引导人们重视传统文化,国家设立了清明、端午、中秋三个传统节日,守护传统文化的决心不言而喻。是的,我们不想再看到自己的传统节日被别的国家抢先申请注册的事情重演。为此,我们有责任、有义务守护我们的传统文化。让它在世界的舞台上展现耀眼的光彩。
随着全社会对传统文化的关注度与日俱增,我们理应满怀信心并且坚信:懂得守护我们的传统文化的民族会永远屹立在世界的前列,拥有勃勃生机。
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