因为对于翻译这门手艺充满了憧憬,就买了一堆北外上外考研指定用书回家研究,中式英语之鉴就是其中一本,读完有些思考想跟大家唠唠。平卡姆老师在这本书中用的英语不是很难,单词平均难度在专四和专八之间,过了专四或者六级的人看应该会比较有收获,在“学习区”内,所以推荐一下这本书。
作者写中式英语之鉴是为了纠正一些中国人运用英语时错误的不地道的表达,那么首先要回答的问题是什么是正宗的英语。
在这本书中所倡导的正宗的英语无疑指的是简明英语,特点是”direct, simple and clear”.下面是简明英语的起源(摘自百度)。
“简明英语是由查尔斯·凯·奥格登发明的只有少量单词的英语,他的书简明英语--规则和 语法的一般约定里对此有所描述。
奥格登说过:学习英语要七年,学习世界语要七个月,而学习简明英语只要七周。简明英语用于公司在国际上使用的书籍,短期内对学生进行基本英语教学。
奥格登不使用重复意义的单词,而且需要所有国家都适用这些单词。他利用大规模的测试和调整来得到这些词汇。在语法方面,他也做了简化,但是保留了英语通常的用法。”
在后面的发展中,简明英语在商务英语和法律英语上有了长足发展。简明英语无疑很适合用在商业上;而法律英语为了保证条款的确定性和权威性,一般冗长复杂,如一个含义要用两个甚至三个同义词来表示,在现在重视效率的社会渐渐向简明方向发展不足为奇。
但是这里我们要清楚一个语言是在不断成长和变化的,中古英语和现代英语自然是有诸多不同,而且每个人的风格也不同。在我看来简明英语的诸多规则只能算作是一种风格,一种在近代社会被提倡的风格。而我们在翻译或者写作时应依具体文本的需求和受众的需求适用不同的风格,而不是倡导每种文本都用一个风格。口语和书面语明显不同,书面语中,用途不同时风格也应做相应的改变。比如文学和非文学就有很多区别,文学讲究陌生化,要得就是一种朦胧的,”transparent”的感觉,才能让自己的文字更引人遐想有更多解释空间,而非文学为了交流方便,自然不会太晦涩难懂。非文学中又可以分很多类,商务性文本、法律性文本、政治性文本。比如政治性文本,你的翻译是为了让英语国家的人明白,就要模仿英语国家中的政治性文本的写法。但翻译这种文本的一个困境是:译者害怕丢失一个词就丢失了一个意义,不敢随意添加修改,所以偏向直译。其实也是很无奈。
一个语言中什么说法能不能用要取决于大多数人是怎么说的,因为你的目的是让大多数受众明白。比如clinch现在虽然被认为是不符合语法,但有些时代中因为大家都这么说,所以当时是可以接受的。所以这种情况下,”non native speaker” 就很吃亏,因为没有大环境让你了解其他人都在怎么说。
我认为在这里,中式英语中最应该摒弃的无疑是you can you up这类说法。当然这个是有点太low了,相信有点英文素养的人都不会犯。接下来要摒弃的就是不常见说法,也就是本书中part one所强调要纠正的。然后对于part two中少用名词多用动词、少用被动多用主动这类型风格类的倾向,我认为就要依文本需求和受众需求来定了,如果一个文本十分正式,翻译的很直白自然也是不合适的。
nowadays, we can see some boys and girls who live in a small world of their own. they bury themselves among books and are proud of themselves. they think that it will make them lose their face if they do housework for they often think themselves very noble.
these young people are wrong. in my opinion every student should have a knowledge of housework. after all, they will have a family of their own, and they should do their part in keeping a good home. boys should also learn to do housework, for what will they do if they remain single? though not all boys remain single,yet they will be very helpful in the family if they know some housework. anyhow they will not lose anything, but, on the contrary, they will gain something useful.
for what i said above, we can find some eamples of our fellow-students studying abroad. all young men do housework as girls do. someone would argue that we can employ servants. this is true.however, what shall we do if the servant leaves us and all things are left to ourselves? we just cannot leave our clothes as they are and let worms and ants eat them up. and what can we do it we go and study in a foreign country where servants are out our means to employ? we must work for ourselves. why not start to learn to do housework now or else it will be too late? everyone should learn to do housework. what do you think about my idea, boys and girls?
Open the biography of the famous, in the introduction of the first paragraph: "the air around us is heavy. The old man's Europa was unconscious in a climate of turbidity and corruption, and the vulgar materialism repressed the thought and obstructed the actions of the government and individuals. Society dies in a perverse, self-serving selfishness, and mankind breathes and breathes. Open the window! Let the free air come back! Breath the breath of heroes."
It is obvious that Roman Roland should use heroic spirit to correct the age bias. The real hero, the true greatness, is the pain and solitude, the struggle of the self with the invisible. In the same quote he added: "I am not a hero, I am a hero; And just by the great soul." He was the one who grasped the anguished mind of the hero and the great man, and took the triumph of overcoming adversity as a shining ruler of the hero. And his celebrity biography is revealed three suffering the heart of the hero biography in human history, they are great musician Beethoven, 19 th-century German Renaissance Italy famous sculptor Michelangelo, the Russian literary giant Leo Tolstoy.
"Resurrection" is another masterpiece, Tolstoy twilight Roman Roland said: "the wife, children, friends, and did not understand his enemy, all think that he is a Don Quixote, because they can't see him fight the enemy, in fact this is his own enemy."
"Tolstoy, do you live according to what you preach?" He answered painfully, "I am ashamed to die, I am a sinner, and I should be despised." Finally, at the age of 82, Tolstoy escaped from his home on a cold winter night and was ill in an unknown town. As he lay dying, he wailed and said to the people who were standing around him.
"Thousands of millions of lives are suffering; Why is everyone there taking care of Leo Tolstoy?"
In fact, Tolstoy's answer to the question of the living is also a response to the pain of the soul, where we have clearly heard Beethoven's joyful singing of life.
This is the eternal spirit of romance that romain rolland left us in the biography of the famous.
"Freedom and progress are the goals of art, just as they are the goal of our whole life," said the great musician Beethoven.
This winter holiday, I read a great book - celebrity biography. The book touched my heart deeply. The author of celebrity biography is French romain rolland. The book is composed of three biographies of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy.
Each of these three biographies enlighten me. One of the things that struck me most was Beethoven. Beethoven devoted his life to music, but fate always played a trick on him. He was sickly and sickly in his childhood. At the age of 3, hearing gradually declines, as a musician, this is a fatal blow, and his character, determined, does not bow to fate and continues to advance on the music road. Middle-aged, he hearing has completely recession, can only use to communicate with people, but this does not make him stop writing, but not to abandon all, into the arms of nature, continue to compose the immortal music chapter.
"Man, you must strive for yourself!" This is one of the words Beethoven tells people. Yes, people can't cling to vegetation, create life with tough, bold heart and create art! Read more book notes in YJBYS!
Everyone has a familiar place in his life, such as parks, supermarkets, and their own rooms. Of all, my most familiar is my room.
The door is west, and there are two windows on both sides of the door. They are "North Window" and "south window". Opposite the doorway is a small balcony, there is a small wardrobe in the balcony, with my clothes when I was a child. My bed is toward the south window, the bed is neatly placed with pillows and quilts. My computer desk faces the North window. There is a regular computer on the computer desk. As soon as I got into the room, I saw my favorite, the computer, and an eye light. Northeast corner is an unusual desk. There are many books on the table. There are dictionaries, books borrowed in the library, encyclopedia books bought by ourselves, and snacks: egg rolls, candy, and my favorite large bottle of coke. The southeastern corner is my wardrobe, with school uniforms, clothes, socks and underpants in the wardrobe. Also with bed sheets, quilt towel. There was an almost useless old TV on the cupboard. There is a DVD player on the TV. In the southwest, it's a big wardrobe for mom and dad. Beside the wardrobe, it was a dresser. I had a photo of my childhood on the platform. It was very lovely.
This is my room, is it beautiful? You are welcome to visit my colorful room.
"Open the window! Let the free air come back! Let's breath the breath of heroes." This is a line from romain rolland's book, "celebrity biography". Perhaps this is his interpretation of all his work.
The author of "celebrity biography" is French thinker and writer, romain rolland. "Celebrity biography is about Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy in grief stuck on the journey of life, to seek the truth and justice, for can show the true, the good and the beautiful immortal masterpieces, laid down their lives. They may be tortured by sickness, or by the misery of their sufferings, or by the confusion of their hearts, or the three of them, which are all overlapping in one body, with deep anguish, almost suffocating their breath, and destroying reason. But with strong will, they walked through the glorious and arduous life.
There are 5 famous biographies of famous people
Many places in "celebrity biography" are amazing, but my most memorable one is Beethoven's saying, "man, depend on yourself!" This sentence seems to be the advice to every living thing, if not to be self-reliant, then to ask for trouble. These three great men, on their own, forged a glorious life.
Beethoven came from a poor family, dropped out of school at thirteen, started the whole family at the age of seventeen, and when he was twenty-five years old, he had just emerged from the music scene and was deaf again. The pain of this very deadly disease to the musician, who could have imagined who could think of his immortal masterpiece, was written in the vast majority of his deafness. He had always been unlucky in life, and his love life was full of desolation and regret, due to poverty and disability.
Meters open the ROM and Tolstoy luckier than Beethoven, they don't have any physical disability, but they refuse to enjoying life, will not live in vain, for the own goal, fighting.
What kind of victory could be compared to their achievements that the glory of the sun that was the day of the Napoleonic wars was never won by spiritual power. They forged themselves with difficulty. As Beethoven summed up his life in one sentence, this sentence has become the motto of the brave man: "for its pain, there is joy."
英语老师:
您好!
在辽阳过得好吗?工作也顺利吧?在这里我给您写一封信,借此问候您。
老师,我永远忘不了那个下午,当我听说您要调到辽阳去教书时,泪水充满了我的双眼——要知道,我舍不得您走,舍不得您,好舍不得!
记得刚学英语的时候,您第一次来给我们上课,您那天穿的好美:白色的连衣裙,长长的头发,大大的眼睛,甜美的声音,我们所有同学都被你迷住了,打那一刻开始,我就喜欢上了您,喜欢您的美丽,喜欢您的甜美的声音。
还记得那次演讲比赛,我在耿庄镇中脱颖而出,代表耿庄镇去海城参加演讲,是您带我去的.,虽然我努力了,但是还是只得了一个优秀奖,您安慰我说:\"没关系,毕竟你这是第一次,下次你一定会取得好成绩的,失败是成功的开始,别伤心了。”我听了,擦干了眼角的泪水,眼里又重新绽放出光芒,我知道,那是希望。从那一刻起,我决定做您最优秀的学生,我下功夫,拼命的学,努力的学,本以为还有机会,可谁知道,比赛之后的第3天,就传出了您要调走的消息。我们不敢相信,简直不敢想象,我们大家都哭了,所有人都哭了。那一刻,想见您,拼命的想见您,我当时都有了那个想法:只要能见您,付出生命我都愿意!您对我们比妈妈还亲,您教给我们的知识,我们会铭记在心,我们知道,您不可能在调回来了,就算调回来,教的也不再是我们了!
老师,自从您调走后,我们做梦都天天梦到您,满脑子想的全是您,您甜美的声音,美丽的笑容,充满希望的眼神…
老师,我们好想您!
祝:永远年轻美丽,开开心心的生活!
XXX
20xx年XX月XX日
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