现代教育中,一些家长总是错误地认为,在为孩子制订学习目标时,如果把目标设置得高一些,那么即便孩子暂时实现不了,也可以达到一个离目标不太远的程度。有了这种心理,家长常常不切实际地把孩子的短期目标和长期目标都设得过高。但事实上, 如果学习目标远远超出了孩子的能力范围,就很可能会导致孩子不断冲击目标却又不断失败的结果,这对孩子来说无疑是沉重的打击,也在无形中扼***了孩子的学习兴趣和自信心。
既要适当地对孩子的学习给予压力以激发动力,又不能打击孩子的自信心和学习热情,那么家长到底应该怎么做呢?这里有一些建议:
1.目标要留有余地。家长在给孩子制订目标时,应充分考虑孩子的身体和心理承受能力,把目标制订在孩子能够承受的范围内,并留有一定的余地。如果孩子这次考试只考了40分,你强求孩子下次考90分是不现实的。目标设定得低一些,可以让孩子通过自身努力轻松达到,在不知不觉?跨越一道道“门槛”,然后信心百倍地去迎接新的挑战,从而一步步走向成功。
2.不要拿自己的孩子跟别人比较。有的家长总喜欢用最优秀孩子的标准来要求自己的孩子,希望自己的孩子也能同别人一样优秀,但结果往往事与愿违。我们不妨跟孩子说,不要跟别人去比,只跟自己的过去比,只要每天能进步一点点就是成功。那么,孩子就会在不知不觉中向着更远的目标前进。相反,孩子如果跟比自己优秀很多的同学去比较,越比越没自信心,总觉得自己不如别人,反而容易滋生“反正我不如别人”而破罐子破摔的心理。
一本好书或一篇好文章的`读后感,可“感”的点很多,要写好读后感,必须选好“感点”。什么叫“感点”呢?感点是由书中某一个地方的内容引起的,引发我们体会的地方,它不是凭空产生的。面对众多的感点,我们必须指导学生从众多的感点中选择自己感受最深、角度最新、现实针对性最强、最善于写的一个或几个感点,作为自己写读后感的切入点,切不可面面俱到。例如这篇文章,有这么三个方面可以作为感点:一是对诸葛亮粗鲁无礼,很莽撞。二是写的语句和写的语句对应起来可以看出态度很谦恭。三是从三顾茅庐,诚心诚意请诸葛亮出山,辅佐完成统一国家大业,从中体现刘备求贤若渴,礼贤下士。我们可发现第三个感点是这个故事的中心,也就是反复读这个故事后感受最深的一点,那么我们就选第三个作为读后感的切入点。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
写读后感要处理好“读”与“感”的关系。我们说,“读”是“感”的前提和引子,“感”是“读”的结果和目的。读后感中少不了对原文的“叙”述,但它不像记叙文中的“叙”那样具体、形象、生动,读后感中的“叙”要做到简明。小学生写读后感常犯的毛病是复述原文,没有做到简明扼要。有的只“感”不“读”,离开原文意思漫无边际地胡编乱写,说道理时空发议论,而缺乏身边的实例。写读后感可以说,也可以谈教训。大多出色的读后感,总是受原文内容或情感触发,从而引起对生活、学习、思想等实际问题的思考。读后感,是有“读”有“感”,“读”、“感”结合的。可以先叙述文章内容,后集中谈体会,这种写法适于只谈一点体会。还可以边叙边谈体会,“读”和“感”交叉写,这种写法可以谈几点体会。无论用哪种方法写,必须叫学生做到二不要;不抄录课文:要用自己的话简要叙述;不离开文章的内容,要真切联系自己的实际抒发感想。
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