高尔基先生说过:“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”书中含着许许多多的知识,他会在你遇到困难时,伸出手,无条件帮助你。
读书,可一让你增加知识,让你变得更加有才华,可以人你在写作时得到灵感,不会在中途大脑之路——不知道写什么东西好;还可以懂得许许多多的人生哲理,帮你摆正人生道路的方向盘,使你的人生变得更精彩!
在生活中我们常常会遇到许许多多的你难点,而在书中可以学到许多小窍门,而这些也许可以帮助我们解决这些小难点。我们通过读书,不仅可以使生活变得丰富多彩,过的更充实,而且还可以学会许多小窍门,这岂不是一举两得!
读书是一种娱乐的方式,他能使你的心情变得更快乐。在书的海洋里遨游也是一件快乐的事情。书就像一棵大树,树里有个树洞,每当我难过的时候,只要在树洞里坐坐,我就感到开心和快乐,悲伤而难过一下子就不见了。
我阅读,我快乐,这句话说得一点也没错。读书让我体验到许多未知的世界,通过读书,让我们成为一个有风度有情操的快乐读书人。
读书好处多!我爱读书!
爸爸常说多阅读,会有好多好处的,就连老师也说阅读好处多多,也就是所谓的开卷有益吧。可是我却不知道阅读究竟有什么好的,在生活中到底有什么作用。
可是不久就改变了我的看法。
有一次学校组织课外知识竞赛。有一道题是这样的:树袋熊为什么浑身是香的?三个选择:A与生俱来的,B生活在清香中,C它吃了一种香的树叶,时间长了就香了。这道题我在哪见过,哦,想起来了,就是前天阅读的一篇科学论文。里面提到的,说是树袋熊爱吃桉树叶,这种树叶里有一种成分,吃多了时间长了就香了。我选了C。过了几天,试卷发下了一看,果然是C。还有好多题,我都见过,才把它们做对的。
还有一次,上作文课。老师要我们写关于劝学的文章。我就引用了一些、古诗。好多人都没有想到,可是我想到了。作文点评时,老师把这篇文章读给大家听,让大家学习,还表扬我爱读书呢。这些都是我平时多阅读多积累的效果。
我终于明白了,阅读能让我们多补充课外知识,写出好的文章。当然最重要的是阅读让生活变得更精彩。所以说阅读好处多多。
"Open the window! Let the free air come back! Let's breath the breath of heroes." This is a line from romain rolland's book, "celebrity biography". Perhaps this is his interpretation of all his work.
The author of "celebrity biography" is French thinker and writer, romain rolland. "Celebrity biography is about Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy in grief stuck on the journey of life, to seek the truth and justice, for can show the true, the good and the beautiful immortal masterpieces, laid down their lives. They may be tortured by sickness, or by the misery of their sufferings, or by the confusion of their hearts, or the three of them, which are all overlapping in one body, with deep anguish, almost suffocating their breath, and destroying reason. But with strong will, they walked through the glorious and arduous life.
There are 5 famous biographies of famous people
Many places in "celebrity biography" are amazing, but my most memorable one is Beethoven's saying, "man, depend on yourself!" This sentence seems to be the advice to every living thing, if not to be self-reliant, then to ask for trouble. These three great men, on their own, forged a glorious life.
Beethoven came from a poor family, dropped out of school at thirteen, started the whole family at the age of seventeen, and when he was twenty-five years old, he had just emerged from the music scene and was deaf again. The pain of this very deadly disease to the musician, who could have imagined who could think of his immortal masterpiece, was written in the vast majority of his deafness. He had always been unlucky in life, and his love life was full of desolation and regret, due to poverty and disability.
Meters open the ROM and Tolstoy luckier than Beethoven, they don't have any physical disability, but they refuse to enjoying life, will not live in vain, for the own goal, fighting.
What kind of victory could be compared to their achievements that the glory of the sun that was the day of the Napoleonic wars was never won by spiritual power. They forged themselves with difficulty. As Beethoven summed up his life in one sentence, this sentence has become the motto of the brave man: "for its pain, there is joy."
我所教的实验班的学生,普遍偏重理科,大多逻辑思维较强,而形象思维较弱。他们长于判断、推理、证明,思考问题条理清楚,而不善意于描写想像,不善于生动地塑造人物,形象地反映社会生活。对于一个思维能力健全的人来说,两种思维应均衡协调地发展。这样,如何在语文教学活动中培养他们的形象思维能力,便成了语文教师的一个重要课题。在教学实践中我到猜读续写是开发和增强形象思维的有效方法之一。
猜读就是阅读语文课文的部分内容后,掩卷沉思,猜测、推断其后的内容;续写就是对猜读的结果整理加工,形成文字,接续在阅读部分的后面,使前后两部分文字成为一个有机的整体,一篇新文章。
猜读续写活动的第一步是选择合适的课文。选出的课文从文体上说可以是小说、戏剧,也可以是散文、就事论事的议论文;从内容上说应是学生熟悉的,而且有猜头、有写头;从语言上说应是比较通俗、浅显的。总之,所选的课文应和学生的认识和语言水平相接近。
例如,高二时,我选择孙梨先生的《荷花淀》进行猜读。《荷花淀》写的是抗日战争时期发生在冀中白洋淀的一个小故事。这个时期的历史,学生一般比较熟悉,他们虽然没有亲身经历过,但从电影、电视、小说、课堂及大人的口里了解到那个时期的不少情况,而且该小说语言朴素平实,适合作为猜读续写的原材料。
第二步是确定阅读的文段(猜读点即含在其中)。阅读的文段一般在篇首,也可包括篇中,应能开启后文,启发学生的想像,激活学生的文思。
学习《荷花淀》时,我们确定该文第一节开头到第16自然段(从“月亮升起来,院子里凉爽得很,干净得很”到“水生说:‘今天县委召集我们开会。假如敌人再在同口安上据点,那和端村就成了一条线,淀里的斗争形势就变了,会上决定成立一个地区队。我第一个举手报了名’。”)为第一个阅读段。第二节开头到第23自然段,即从“女人们到底有些藕断丝连。”到“快摇!”为第二阅读段。这两段都提出了矛盾和情节发展线索,为猜读提供了充分的条件,为想像的展开准备了广阔的天地。
第三步组织猜读和续写。读是猜的基础和前提,是走进阅读段中去,写则是猜的提高和完成,是从阅读段中走出来。
猜读前要补充文章写作背景的有关情况,并提出明确的猜读要求。
猜读《荷花淀》前我们先向同学介绍了孙犁小说的特点、该文的写作背景,并补充说明了水生家庭的构成情况。猜读时我们要生猜想水生嫂听了水生报名参军的话后产生了哪些思想活动,作出了什么反应,故事情节将如何发展,然后把猜想的内容整理成续文,接续在阅读文段之后。猜读时同学头脑中可能出现多种方案,可通过比较分析,筛选出最佳方案,而把它形成文章,还要经过反复推敲、加工,字上的处理。由于选文对路,可猜性强,同学的文思被激活,出现了多种多样的续文。对于水生参军的事,有的写水生嫂满口豪言,全力支持;有的写水生嫂感情复杂,又想支持,又怕出事;有的.则写水生嫂坚决反对,吵架呕气,最后水生不得不把老爹搬出来做水生嫂的工作;当然也有和课文的写法接近的。对于归途遇敌的事,有的写几个妇女把船摇到水道狭窄处,弃船而行,鬼子大船过不去就跳下小船来抓“花姑娘”,妇女们潜水过去掀翻小船,不识水性的鬼子全部落入水中淹死;有的用了误会法,说追来的“鬼子”并非鬼子,而是水生他们装扮的,原来他们要去执行一项任务;有的则写妇女们潜入水底,设法凿破敌船,鬼子随船沉入水底;还有的写水生嫂掩护几个妇女脱险,而自己光荣牺牲。当然也有和课文处理方法相近的。
从学生写的续文看,有关水生参军的,学生写得较拘谨,展不开,而有关归途遇敌的,则一般写得生动有趣,有的还挥洒自如,出奇见新,这说明前一个猜读点不如第二个选得好。学生们对青年夫妇间的感情关系体验和了解不深,写起来自然受到限制。这说明猜读续写点必须选择恰当,必须符合学生的实际。
第四步对照原文,寻找差距。续文完成后还要拿来和原文对照,总结成绩,寻找差距。原文都是经过时间考验的典范文章,学生写的续文自然和它存在着种种差距,找出这些差距,在以后作文时加以改进,这样就可使作文水平提高一步。学生说这种对照,标准具体,目的明确,效果好。通过对照有的学生认识到把水生嫂一开始就写得很完美或很落后都不合乎作品实际,不能显现水生嫂由普通农村妇女到游击战士的成长过程;有的学生则发现自己有关归途遇敌续文的种种漏洞和破绽。总之通过对照,学生看到原作的精妙之处,作者的良苦用心。从阅读的角度说,这对照阅读已具鉴赏的性质了。当然在对照中学生也发现了自己的闪光点,自己的写作实力,增强了写好作文的信心。
猜读续写的优点是:
一、以读带写,以写促读,读写紧密结合。
在平常的语文教学中,读和写不易结合紧密,读是读,写是写,形成两张皮。而在猜读续写活动中,读的目的是写,读孕育写,带动写;写是读的继续和深化,写促进了读,二者紧密结合在一起。从读始,以写续,又以读(对照)结,读——写——读就是猜读续写的全过程。从思维训练的角度说,读,是感受别人的形象思维成果(局部),又是自己形象思维的触发点以及进一步展开的起点,而写则是自己形象思维成果的外化。
二、提高自学能力。叶圣陶先生说过:“教任何功课,最终目的都在于达到不需要教,假如学生都能达到这样境界:能够自己去探索,自己去辨析,自己去体会,从而获得正确的知识和熟练的能力岂不是就不要教了吗?”叶老在这里强调了学生自学能力的重要,而猜读续写正有助于这种能力的形成和提高,能引导学生进入叶老所说的那种“境界”。
整个猜读续写活动都是在老师指导下由学生自己进行的,他们认真深入地自读课文片断,既理解其字面意,明示信息,又把握其言外意、隐含信息。他们还理出头绪,抓住线索,构思续文,还对照原文,加工修改。他们“自历其力,自致其知”,坚持下去,便“自有读书,不待老师讲;自能作文,不待老师改”了。
三、激活思维,开发智力。由于在猜读续写过程中学生的参与和创造愿望能得到满足,他们的形象思维被激活。依靠形象思维,他们筛选积累在头脑里的素材;依靠形象思维,他们续接曲折生动的故事;依靠形象思维,他们塑造、修改人物形象……总之,在形象思维的参与下,各种猜测,构思方案纷至沓来,难以自己;各种创造性的情节、对话以及细节不时闪现,出奇见新。学生感到续写了一次作文,思维似乎活多了,脑子似乎聪明多了,续写锻炼了形象思维,形象思维产生了精美的续文。
当然,形象思维和逻辑思维是不可截然分开的,猜读续写虽然主要依靠形象思维,但并不排斥逻辑思维,相反地,它还需要逻辑思维的参与,而就事说理式文章的续写则主要靠逻辑思维的作用。
续写要受到原文内容的限制,这是问题的一个方面,但还有另一个方面,就是“任何语言的任何一句话,它的意义决不等于一个一个字的总和,而是还多点什么。”(吕叔湘)语言这种增值现象为学生创造性思维的发挥提供了广阔的天地。学生完全可以根据对原文的不同理解,发挥想像,调动自己直接、间接的,构思出各具特色的续文来。
猜读续写和仿写不同,仿写侧重在“仿”,用的是求同思维,让学生在求同中增长写作才干。
猜读续写和改写也不同,改写侧重在“改”,用的是求异思维,让学生在求异中提高写作能力。
而猜读续写侧重在“猜”,既用求同思维,又用求异思维,思路和原文可能接近,也可能大相径庭。
猜读续写的方法还适用于课外阅读和写作。
【附录】学生续写文章两篇
《荷花淀》猜读续写练习
一
女人沉默了,尽管她不停地忙着编席子,而编出的席子却糙得不像出自她的手。
“我知道”,水生打破了僵局,“这下可苦了你了。可是我作为队长,理当带个头。如果谁都不去打鬼子,那乡亲们可怎么活呀!”
听着丈夫的话,女人心里乱成了一团麻。这些道理,她都懂;可真要是让他走了,年事已高的老人,乳臭未***孩子,一切只有她一个人承担了。再说,这兵荒马乱的,真有个三长两短……她不敢再想下去,两行热泪夺眶而出。
水生忙解释道:“别担心,过不了多久,打走了鬼子,我就回来了。你不想见到我戴着大红花胜利归来吗?”
又是一阵沉默,女人渐渐清醒了许多,她深知丈夫此举的必要。于是,她擦了擦泪水,抬起头坚定地说:“你去吧,家里一切有我。你去打鬼子,别为我们担心。”
水生会心地笑了,他知道她会同意的。
二
小船拼命向前摇。可奇怪的是日本大船并没追赶他们,而是径直向东去了。小船停下来,女人们都在纳闷。水生嫂似乎想起了什么,怔了怔,慢慢地说:“我看见船头上那个穿日本服的怎么竟有些像水生。”“妹子,这怎么可能。是你太想水生兄弟了吧?”张猛子的女人说。船上的人都笑了。水生嫂沉默了一会儿,脸绷得紧紧的:“一定是他,我不会看错的,莫非他……”“嫂子你可别这么想,水生哥不是那种人。”“不行,我一定要弄明白!”
小船又摇了起来,向东,顺着大船去的方向。不一会儿,大船的轮廓渐渐现了出来。它正停泊在一个小码头上,是同口。水生嫂心里咯噔一下。最近,这里鬼子活动频繁,一队伪兵正在岩上修筑岗楼。日本人想在这儿建据点。
小船钻进了芦苇,借着芦苇的掩护,女人们上了岩。水生嫂对大家说:“小心,这里伪兵多,咱们可别让他们撞着。”大伙儿都点了点头。于是她们沿着草丛向前走。闪过一棵大杨树,就望见了敌人的岗楼,已经快修好了,周围约三十多个伪兵正忙忙碌碌,旁边还停着五辆运土石的马车,十几名老乡正在卸车。“哎,看,那几个日本兵在那儿!”马林的女人用手一指。只见那几个日本兵正在和一名伪军官说话。那军官又是点头,又是哈腰。“走,我们过去看看。”水生嫂招呼大家。她们顺着树丛爬了过去。
呀,真是水生。水生嫂只觉得脑袋“嗡”的一下子。“咦,那不是猛子吗?还有马林、二虎子。”女人们一下子糊涂了,你看看我,我看看你。
这时候,水生他们几个已经在伪军军官的陪同下进了岗楼,又过了一会儿,突然,“砰,砰!”岗楼里响起了枪声。说时迟,那时快,正在卸车的老乡扔下砖石,从车上拿出枪,立刻枪声大作。周围的伪军还不知道怎么回事,不过逃命要紧,抱着脑袋四处逃散。
正乱间,水生几个从岗楼里冲了出来,一边跑,一边把日本帽抓了下来,狠狠地甩在地上,并冲着那几个老乡模样的人喊:“卧倒!”只听“轰”的一声,岗楼被炸塌了。水生兴奋地一边挥着拳头,一边领着其他人向后撤,女人们终于明白了。水生嫂忍不住冲出去,抱住了水生。水生愣了一下,但立刻抓起她的手,“快走!”……
水生已经为这事冲水生嫂吼过好几次,水生嫂也自己了。但水生嫂的心里却想:我的水生真是好样的。
The biography of the famous is composed of the famous French writer romain rolland, the biography of Michelangelo and the biography of Tolstoy, all of which were created in the early twentieth century. These three are famous people all over the world, but they do not give in to their fate and fight against their fate.
The first was Beethoven, a German musician who was born poor and dropped out of school. His life was rough and he was brave to fight his fate. His only family had failed him, and he was badly hit, but he survived. The great musician wrote an immortal masterpiece after hearing the deaf. He conquered the disease and overcame the difficulty. Beethoven was successful because of his spirit, unwilling to yield to his fate, and his spiritual values.
The second was Michelangelo, an Italian composer. He was born to a richer family in Florence. He has a high culture and artistic foundation. He spent his life working for the church. And his family kept asking him for money, and Michelangelo never refused their demands. The Pope had erected a monument to himself, which made Michelangelo less than his ideal. He encountered many difficulties in his life. He insisted that he lived to be in his seventies for his own ideal. Only a man with dogged perseverance like Michelangelo will succeed.
The third is Leo Tolstoy, a Russian writer. Tolstoy was born with a silver spoon in his mouth. He has a happy family. He has a high literary talent. He had been successful before, but he didn't care about what he had. He would not enjoy life, he would not spend his life, he would like to reflect the value of his life through human beings. Tolstoy was one of those people who let us see the different sides of the writer, the kind of inner shock that made me feel a lot.
This book tells us to fight our fate bravely, as long as you don't give in to your destiny, one day you will change your fate. There is an old saying that "destiny is in your hands".
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