导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
凡卡一直都在等,等爷爷的到来。可是他的期望没有实现。
凡卡还沉浸在美妙的梦乡中,不知不觉中被一阵咒骂吵醒。这声音真熟悉。“糟了糟了!睡过头了,老板回来了!”凡卡不禁绷紧了心,担心老板又用楦头打自己的脑袋。果然,老板把凡卡拖到院子里,拉长脸对他说:“看我怎么用楦头清醒清醒你的脑袋!不知好歹的……”凡卡吓坏了,见老板找不着楦头,才松了口气,但还是被皮带狠揍了一顿。
几年后,凡卡有个想法,逃出去!凡卡蹑手蹑脚地进了厨房,拿了一包面包就赶紧溜出鞋店。他一路小跑着,头也不敢回,生怕老板出来把他抓回去。不知过了多久,凡卡来到了一个人生地不熟的城市。一路上,他看见不少穷人在乞讨,终于忍不住跟一个穷小孩一起吃面包。小孩见他有这么多食物,一把抢过,头也不回就逃走了。凡卡还没来得及追赶,就有一大群人追了上去。他们不是为了抓小偷,而是抢食物,有的争不赢,甚至还大打出手。不久,这条清静的大街上便乱成了一团。疯了,都疯了!到处都是饥饿的大嘴,到处都是贪婪的眼光。凡卡好容易才钻了出来,远离了人群。完了,什么都没了!凡卡心里一沉,怎样活下去呢?打工?鞋店里的事死也不愿重复。乞讨?哪儿有好心人呢?现在唯一的办法就是回到爷爷身边,于是他向着村子的方向走去。
已是夜晚,一栋楼前,有着一个老人、两条狗。“爷爷!”远处传来一声,是凡卡!爷爷看到了他。扑了上去。凡卡恢复了自由,他成功地逃出来了。
“哇啊,哇啊---”老板他们做礼拜回来,一进门,便听见他们孩子的啼哭声,再一看凡卡,正倚在墙角睡着了,怒火就上来了,老板叫伙计们把凡卡泼醒, 哗--- 正沉睡在美梦中的凡卡只觉的脸上湿呼呼的,猛地睁开眼睛,看到老板,老板娘,伙计们都在恶狠狠地瞪着他,便发觉自己睡过了头,赶紧跪在老板面前,双手扒住老板的裤腿,苦苦地哀求着: "老板,求求你啦,请不要打我,我下次在也不敢了,求求你了``````”老板并不听他的哀求,把他踢到一边,拿起皮带,揪着凡卡的头发,把他拖到院子里,一边用皮带狠狠地抽凡卡,一边骂道: "我叫你偷懒,我叫你偷懒``````”可怜的凡卡一边试图挣脱揪着头发的手,一边乞求着:" 你饶了我吧,你饶了我吧,下次我再也不敢了``````”慢慢的,凡卡的手垂了下来,昏死在地上,老板看到昏死在地上的凡卡还不顺气,又狠狠地在凡卡身上抽了两下,才停住了手,凡卡已经奄奄一息了,老板怕凡卡会死在他家里,便让伙计们把凡卡丢在外面.夜更深了,凡卡靠在墙角下,刺骨的寒风刮起来了,凡卡冻得缩成一团,不一会儿进入了梦乡,他梦见他的爷爷接他来了,凡卡跟爷爷快乐的走进了天国``````
第二天清晨,这个小男孩坐在墙脚里,两腮通红,嘴上带着微笑,他死了,那时他才九岁.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
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