1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
I attended Jack's birthday party tonight. After dinner, Jack gave cigarets to our boy students present.
At the important moment, I stop them and told them the bad effects of smoking: firstly Smoking is a waste of money and it's greatly harmful to our health. And it can lead to fires easily. So we should not smoke at all.
But it seemed helpless and they wouldn't listen to me. Somebody even said that body and health belonged to themselves and it's up to them to decide whether to smoke or not. I told him calmly, "Even if you have the right to harm your own body, but it doesn't mean that you have the same right to harm others'."
At last, they agreed with me, and some students said that they would never smoke any longer.
For the next one hour, we danced and sang happily, and nobody did smoke again.I felt very happy that my classmate all understood the harmness of smoking.
我今晚参加了杰克的生日派对。晚饭后,杰克给我们的男同学吸烟。
在重要的时刻,我阻止并告诉他们吸烟的不良影响:首先,吸烟很浪费钱,它对对我们的健康危害很大。它会很容易引起火灾。所以我们不应该吸烟,所以我们不能吸烟。
但很无奈似乎他们不听我的。甚至有人说身体是自己的,这是是否吸烟由他们自己说了算。我平静地说,“即使你有伤害自己身体的权利,但这并不意味着你要伤害别人的权利。”
最后,他们同意我的看法,一些学生说他们不会再抽烟了。
在接下来的一个小时里,我们跳舞,唱歌,没有人吸烟了。我感到非常高兴,我的同学都知道了吸烟的危害。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
There are many students smoking in senior high school, the reason may be that they think they look cool or appear to be more mature while having a cigarette at hand.But there are a lot of reasons not to smoke. Smoking does harm to our health.It is dangerous to our heart and lung. A lot of diseases are caused by cigarettes.Cigarettes also have terrible smell.The seconghand smoke can also be dangerous to the others who stand around you. Therefore, no smoking in public is a strict regulation in many countries. And the most important thing is that once you come into addicitive,it's hard to get rid of it. So,we must keep far from the cigarette——for everybody's health.
高中里有很多学生吸烟,原因可能是他们觉得手中有一支烟看上去很酷或者显得更成熟。但是,不吸烟的原因有很多。吸烟有害我们的健康,对我们的心脏和肺很危险。很多疾病都是由香烟引起的,而且烟的味道不好闻。二手烟对周围的.人也很危险。因此,公共场所禁止吸烟是很多国家的一项严厉规定。最重要的是,一旦你上瘾了就很难戒掉了。所以,为了每个人的健康,我们必须远离香烟。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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