1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
观玉龙雪山,听纳西古乐,小桥流水,阡陌纵横,虽非江南,却更是一方净土——云南丽江,古朴而原始,非凡而平静。
游览丽江是在去年八月,那次,我终于感受到了何为“世外桃源”。几千年的历史荡涤了丽江今日的宁静;“丝绸之路”奠基了这座古城永恒的辉煌;奔腾的长江水就像是不息的血脉注入这片神奇的土地;特殊的无城墙结构为众人所瞩目;古老的象形文字、光滑的青石路面……无一不在向世人诉说着丽江的传奇。丽江的每一处民居,每一家酒吧、茶室、旅馆都有花,都萦绕着丝竹之音。丽江老人那纵横的皱纹里盛满了太阳的古铜色,写满了高原、雪山的气息,门楣上那一个个奇异的象形符号,无疑是一种奇迹。站在玉龙雪山底仰望,陡峭的崖壁令人望而生畏,而那束阳光似乎是跳跃的,引领我们去攀登,去发掘。坐在大研镇古色古香的木台阶上,望着五花石板上累累的马蹄斑痕,仿佛那几千年前的陆上丝绸之路就在眼前,河水环城穿街,入墙过屋,形成了主道傍河,小巷带渠,河畔渠侧,杨柳拂水的一番景象,令人如痴如醉。在河边的小茶馆里喝杯茶,聆听葫芦丝那美妙而忧郁的声音,看着周围形形色色的人,感觉气氛是那么融洽,虽然其间夹杂着各国不同的语言,但似乎都已被丽江的美景所凝聚成同一种语言——一种赞美丽江风光无限好的语言。
一缕烟流过宁静的丽江,顺流是阳光烂漫处,逆流是阳光宽容处,醉是那晚霞去留处,剩下的是海市蜃楼,等待夕阳再一次微笑,那时我会幸福地落泪。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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