A review of the Pursuit of Happiness
“The Pursuit of Happyness” was released on the 15th of December 2006. It is a dramatic story based on a biography of Chris Gardner’s nearly one-year struggle with homelessness. Directed by Gabrielle Muccino, the film stars Will Smith as Chris Gardner, and co-stars Jaden Smith playing Chris’ son, Christopher Jr. For Will Smith’s performance in the film, he was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Actor. The ‘different’ spelling of the title, ‘Happyness’ is seen by Chris Gardner on the building outside the play centre is son attends, which Chris reminds the owners of the building multiple times that it is spelt with an ‘I’.
The film shows us the struggles Chris Gardner has with homelessness. He is bankrupt because he invested his life savings in portable bone-density scanners, which he thought hospitals would be interested in buying, but in the end hardly any doctors wanted one, as they considered it an ‘expensive luxury’. During the struggles, his wife Linda leaves to go to New York and Chris and his son are left in San Francisco with no income and living in a motel. Chris sees interest in become a stockbroker, but to become one he has to go through an internship. Meanwhile, Chris and his son are evicted because they can’t pay rent, and they are forced to go to a homeless shelter, and even one night had to sleep in the bathroom of the underground rail system. During his internship, he never once mentions his financial struggles and at one point he is asked to give one of his bosses 5 dollars for a cab, a sum that he can’t afford. After an intense six months, Chris is taken into the bosses’ office, and is offered a job as a stockbroker, the final scene shows him being in unbelief of the position he was offered and showing his happiness and gratefulness for the opportunity, Chris realises that his financial struggles are over as he now has a job with a regular income.
Christ was unfortunate, for he got a wife who was not understandable at all (though she has her own difficulties and was in bad luck with his business. But he was very fortunate also, for he got a son who was very thoughtful and, I think, tough life experiences always make a great person. It is said that this movie is inspired by a true story, and I want to say, this movie does inspire me a lot. What impressed me most are: Christ’s wife left him because of life pressure; Christ’s love to his son and Christ’s strong belief towards life. Through these, I know that it is not easy to be a good husband and a good Papa, since in reality, only love cannot only make everything. And I also learn that one has to strongly believe in himself, no matter how difficult the situation is, but of course, hard-working is indispensable.
昨晚,伴着窗外潇潇的夜雨,躺在床上思潮起伏,辗转反侧,想的不是姑娘,而是一部电影——《死亡诗社》。初次看这部电影是在四年前,大学时代的英国文学课上。昨天,或许是主演的突然离世,电影频道又播放了这一经典之作。第二遍看下来,心中依然感动,同时也多了些新的感受。
四年多之前,在荧屏上初识Keating老师,一见清新,几乎是立即就拜倒在他米黄色西装裤下——他简直就是我当时梦寐以求的精神导师:博学多才、洵洵儒雅,善于启发学生又敢于蔑视权威。美妙的诗句更是张口即来:“Gatherye rosebuds while ye may”,“Iwanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life!”,“Thatthe powerful play goes on, and you may contribute a verse”,“Most men lead livesof quiet desperation. Don't be resigned to that. Break out!”这些诗句汇成一句话就是“CarpeDiem”(抓住今天,做自己。正是从Keating那里,我才初步地对英文诗有了一点感受,知道这些诗句不只是印在纸页上呆板的字母,也是活生生的,有血有肉的语言和思想,它们真的可以改变世界。同时也牢牢记住了“CarpeDiem——Seize the Day”。
但是,时过境迁,四年之后我与Keating老师和他的学生们产生了一点分歧。二十岁时,我会成为Keating的狂热追随者,但现在我更欣赏那位勤勤恳恳、白白胖胖的拉丁文教授。客观地说,自从“信K哥”之后,除去自由思想,大多数学生并未得到太多好处:尼尔自***,不必说了;查理表演“上帝的电话”,挨了几十板子,差点被开除;诺克斯大着胆子偷吻别人的女友,也是一顿胖揍,鼻血长流。虽然最后成功牵手美女,但这毕竟是电影情节。现实中的痴心小伙手捧鲜花,向仅见过一两面的女孩当众念诗表白,被拒绝,被发好人卡的概率远比“获得真爱”要高得多得多。碰见别有用心的美女,来点精神控制,痴心男化身牛马,甚而游坦之、宋青书也不足为奇。就是Keating老师自己,最终也被学校除名,只留下一个无奈的微笑。整部电影中真正获益的只有陶德——班上最羞涩怯弱的男孩。所以,如果说威尔顿公学用“纪律”、“规范”、“准则”束缚住了学生的手脚,Keating老师则举起了名字叫做“Passion”、“Romance”、“Carpediem”的刀斧,砍断枷锁的同时也斫丧了不少学生的肉体和精神。“独立思考”、“自由思想”是Keating极力倡导的,但真正的独立思考者,面对Keating这剂猛药,会量力而取,而不是听了四五句诗、上了一学期课就彻底沦陷。
剧中最让人扼腕的人物当然是尼尔,自身热爱表演,但父母强迫他去学医。这种感受我很理解。以前我曾相信过“择善固执”这句话,以为自己认为是好的就永远是对的。十八岁时不顾家里的反对一心一意地要读中文系,但最终我收获了什么呢?只有爸爸的斥责,妈妈的眼泪和自己并不十分愉快的四年。尼尔自***时只有十七岁,等他再大一点或许就会明白:他所选的“善”也许并不那么“善”,而“不善”也不是真的“不善”;他所期待的或许并不那么美好,他所厌恶的也未必那么丑陋……
写到这,想起一则寓言:子舆病重,子祀前去探望,看到病榻上缩成一团的子舆,子祀大发感慨:“啊!你现在如此佝偻,伟大的造化者将要把你变成什么东西,把你送到哪里去呢?是要把你变成老鼠的肝脏还是小虫的臂膀呢?你怕不怕呀?”子祀听罢,仰天长笑道:“这有什么!如果造物者把我的左臂变成鸡,我用它来报晓;如果把我的右臂变成弹弓,我就用它去打斑鸠烤了吃;要是把我的屁股变成了车轮,把我的精神化为马,我就乘着它走,还省得坐车了呢!能够安心适时而顺应变化的人,哀乐的情绪就不会入于胸中。如果把天地当做大熔炉,把造化看做大铁匠,那么到哪里去而不可呢!”
或许Keating、尼尔、尼尔的父亲缺少的就是这种“安时处顺”、“恶乎往而不可”的勇气和精神。爸妈既然非让我学医,不妨学学看,反正自己还年轻,表演梦大可徐徐图之。儿子非要当演员,大不了豁出去一两年让他试试,成功自然好,不成功这小子自然会回来。父子双方中只要有一方不那么固执己见,悲剧就不会发生。择善固执,囿于己见实在是一件可怕的事。
几十个小时以前,Keating老师离开了人世,据说是抑郁症所致。西方狂飙突进的诗人加上一点东方达观顺天的智慧,戏里戏外的结局,或许都会有所不同。
1.准备阶段。小学英语教师首先要做的就是要了解新课标对小学生各个年级段的不同要求,据此设计活动的内容和目标,从而达到提高教学质量,提升学生能力的教学目的。如笔者是在教授句型“what colour is it?”时就采用了活动式教学方法。教学的最终目的是怎样让学生听懂教师用what colour is it?的句型发出指示,学生尽可能快速地作出反应。所以语法的意义可以略讲,发音在活动过程中个别纠正即可。小学英语教师要做的就是先让学生对这个活动产生兴趣,从而提高英语学生的效率。做到了这一点也就达到了本节课的教学目标。
2.活动目标和内容的确定。教学目标一定要明确,此目标就决定的内容应该怎样进行。可以多准备一些五颜六色的Cards,可以设计为听教师提问,然后指定学生回答。之后,教师提问,学生抢答。最后,可以是一个学生提问,其他学生抢答。层层深入,真正做到让学生扎实掌握这一句型,脱口而出用英语。这样设定有利于让学生参与到教学中来,实践证明,这种学习方法效果非常好,每个学生学起来都兴致高昂,掌握熟练。
4.选好角色。这一环节非常重要,关系到整个活动的成败。首先教师的角色定位一定要准,教师是设计者、指挥者和监督员,要随时做好身份的转换。学生的角色也要设定好。如第一轮中,教师提问,学生回答,对于一些基础好的学生可以问难一点儿的颜色,对于一些基础较弱的学生可以提问一些简单的颜色。第二轮中教师要对学生的反应加以点评,表扬先进,鼓励发言不踊跃的,从而达到全体参与的目的。第三轮中,教师分组一定要适当,其中有学习好的,也有学习差的,这样可以优势互补一下。
5.设置好学生座位。心理学表明,不同的学生座位布局会产生不同的教学效果。如果学生分成小组,自由讨论,学生的自由度很大,教师就会自然流动于各个小组,做适时地指导;而如果学生的座位是排成半圆形围绕教师的,那肯定是教师为主,但学生之间也可以面对面地交流,提高了学生的地位,他们也会较为活跃。而对于传统的座位,学生在下,教师在讲台上讲授,教师的地位就非常突出,不利于活动地进行。所以,教师一定要依据班内学生的情况和课程的要求进行座位设定。
6.活动实施。在整个活动的进行中,教师要设置好每一个阶段的分目标,如第一阶段的目标主要是夯实基础,让每一个学生都会说“what colour is it?”而第二个阶段的目标是培养学生的反应能力,激发学生兴趣,第三个阶段的目标是提高学生的表达能力和运用能力。
活动式教学指小学英语教师要依据大纲要求、课本内容来设置活动场景,创造一种真实的英语环境,充分利用多种教学资源,如图片、教具、多媒体等,采用教师和学生一起表演、唱歌、做动作等方式,以活动贯穿授课的始终,为学生提供充足的语言实践,让全体学生都参与进来,大胆地表达自己的所见、所思、所想,从而激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。
活动式教学的目的性一定要强。每个环节的教学内容一定要依据教学目标来确定,既要使课堂活跃起来,还不能让课堂显出混乱。活动的多样性,小学生的本身差异较大,教师设计的活动一定要紧跟教学实际,让学生真正在学以致用。活动的控制性一定要强,教师在每一项活动中都要有较强的控制力,当某一活动偏离主题时,教师一定要及时地拉回来,不要浪费宝贵的时间。活动的创造性一定要好,不能只是课本内容的简单再现,要依据内容进行引申和创新,这样一方面可以激发学生的学习兴趣,另一方面也可以培养学生的创新能力。
综上所述,活动式教学是一种有效的英语教学方法,英语教师要灵活运用,鼓励学生积极参与,培养学生的英语学习习惯与能力,提高课堂教学的效率。
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