读书笔记根据记录方式不同,大体可分为两大类:“写出来”的笔记和“贴出来”的笔记。
先说说“写出来”的笔记,根据做笔记的内容深浅和难易程度,以及做笔记的人的习惯分为三种记录方式:
1、一句话笔记如果你觉得记笔记是一件繁琐的事情,或觉得自己无法坚持下去,那么可以尝试一下一句话笔记法。
比如,读完一本书,你可以在笔记本上这样写:“2016年7月1日,我读完了《XXX》。这本书比我想象中有意思。”
不要觉得这样太过于简单,甚至肤浅,就算是只记一句话,也一定会让你有所收获,因为把读书笔记坚持下去才是写读书笔记最基本的要求。
法国文学专家鹿岛茂先生曾在随笔中写道:“图书都是有重点的,没有必要从头到尾祥读。重要的是不管篇幅多少,都要下点功夫让自己对读过的书有印象。即使只记下这本书的作者、书名、阅读时的情景或是做些摘抄都好,要坚持写读书笔记,这是最有效的读书方法。”
2、摘抄式笔记摘抄可以促进、加深对书的记忆和理解。重点是,一定要摘抄让自己心动的语句。
至于其他的内容,不管是客观来讲很重要的段落,还是作者想强调的部分,只要没有共鸣,都不用摘抄,毕竟那种内容只要看目录和前言就懂了。另一方面,选择摘抄段落时,不是找让人觉得“理应如此”的文章,而是觉得“这么一说确实有道理”的内容。
如果摘抄的.文章内容太多太长,写下来太麻烦,而又找不出合适的关键句的时候,可以把小标题抄下来。小标题是作者或编者倾注了相当多的心血提炼出的语句,可以将其当做最具代表性的语句摘抄下来。
3、“葱鲔(wei第三声)火锅式”笔记。
先说下葱鲔火锅,即葱段金枪鱼火锅,是以葱和金枪鱼为材料烹制的日本特色料理,其中葱段属于配菜而非调料。之所以称为“葱鲔火锅式”笔记,是因其摘抄和评论并存的特征,正如这道菜中鱼肉和大葱的关系一样。
普通笔记的三要素为:写读书笔记的日期、书名、作者名。而“葱鲔火锅式”笔记,则是除了此三要素外,还要再加上两个内容:对自己来说重要的内容(摘抄)和自己对这篇文章的感想(评论)。
比如,在笔记本上你可以用“圆圈”来表示摘抄部分,而运用自己的语言表达的感想和补充说明则可以标上“五角星”,以此来作为区分,交替标在每个段落前。
亚瑟叔本华在《论读书》中写道:“如果你觉得读书就是为了模仿别人的想法,那么这是思想上的懒惰。请丢开书本自己思考。”而“葱鲔火锅式”笔记在一定程度上可以让我们在读书时“搭上思想的便车”,提炼出属于自己的感想,而这种感想正是原创思考的源泉。
喜欢写作的小伙伴,可以尝试此种方法,起码写书评变得简单易行。
再说说“贴出来”的笔记,根据收集的方式不同可以分为剪报式读书笔记和复印粘贴式读书笔记。
The Role of Mobile Phone in People's Communication
The popularity of smartphones has exerted great influence on the way people communicate, so much so that an increasing number of individuals contend that face-to-face communication is being replaced by texts and images on the mobile phone.
There are more than one angle to consider this phenomenon. On one hand, it is pleasantly acknowledged that smartphones shorten the distance between families and friends. Even people from different sides of the globe can share pictures, feelings and thoughts through various types of apps on the phone, thus building a long-distance connection. On the other hand, as the picture warns us, too much smartphone addiction interferes with people's real-life communication. Statistics show that over 70 percent of face-to-face communication consists of facial expressions and body language, which is why people should stay away from mobile phones when they have the chance to actually talk and communicate with others.
In a word, mobile phones act as an appropriate platform where people can always stay in tough however long the distance is, but a wise man should know when to put down his phone.
1、概念:说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式,用来介绍或解释事物的状态、性质、构造、功用、制作方法、发展过程以及内在事理的一种实用文体。
2、与其它文体的区别:议论文以理服人,哲理性是它的主要特点;记叙文以情感人,形象性是它的主要特点;说明文以知授人,知识性是它的主要特点。
3、说明文的`分类
事物说明文:如《苏州园林》,说明“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上,眼前总是一幅完美的图画”的特征。
事理说明文:如《死海不死》,科学的说明了死海不死的原因在于“海水的咸度很高”。
一、标题
二、下面写书名、作者、全书字数、出版社等资料以及阅读日期。
三、介绍一下整本书,比如是传主的人生,或者作者写这本书的特色。可参看目录、序言或简介等资料。
四、重点写看过的内容,做些摘录,一些摘录就是书刊文献中与自己学习、研究有关的精彩语句、段落等作为日后应用的原始材料。摘抄原文要写上分类题目,在引文后面注明出处。摘录的后面,最好对摘录内容进行点评、比较、分析等。
五、阅读感受。可以是读完这几篇文章后的感想,亦可为近来的读书感想。
(1 模版1
Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
(2模版2
In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
(3模版3
Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
(1)摘录式。主要是为了积累词汇、句子。可以摘录优美的词语,精彩的句子、段落、供日后熟读、背诵和运用。
(2)提纲式。以记住书的主要内容为目的。通过编写内容提纲,明确主要和次要的内容。
(3)心得式。为了记下自己感受最深的内容,记下读了什么书,书中哪些内容自己教育最深,联系实际写出自己的感受。即随感。
(4)简缩式。为了记住故事梗概、读了一篇较长文章后,可抓住主要内容,把它缩写成短文。
(5)仿写式。为了能做到学以致用,可模仿所摘录的精彩句子,段落进行仿写,达到学会运用。
Everyone may encounter a scene when he or she wonders what the meaning and purpose of life is. Answers to this question vary from person to person. As for me, I agree with the view that the meaning of life is to discover your gift and the purpose of life is to make the best of it.
On one hand, one's gift could be the source of his inner happiness, providing spiritual impetus and correct orientation. Take the world-renowned Chinese pianist Lang Lang as an example. His gift was noticed before he was 3 years old, which laid the foundation of his glorious life. On the other hand, proper use of talent helps people to realize their value in a positive way, thus making contribution to the society as a whole. For instance, Isaac Newton made a universally amazing discovery by digging into his gift and finding the Newton's law of gravitation.
In conclusion, let's search for our true gift and utilize it to the fullest to achieve a happy and valuable life.
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