贝贝—幅老师的模样,一本正经地考大家:“你们觉得东莞是一座怎样的城市?”说罢,京京慢条斯理地说:“东莞是个充满活力的城市,她位于广东省中南部、珠江三角洲东北部,北距广州50公里,南离深圳90公里,水路至香港47海里,至澳门48海里,处于穗港经济走廊中间,是广州与香港之间水陆交通的必经之地。东莞历史源远流长,资源丰富,国民经济持续、快速、健康发展,社会不断进步,人民物质和精神文化生活水平不断提高。今天的东莞已成为一个冉冉升起的现代制造业名城,是广东省的中心城市之一。”“回答正确,不过你别忘了东莞人那种‘海纳百川,厚德务实’的城市精神。”这时,迎迎跳过来,手里拿着两个刚刚回收的饮料瓶,着急地说道:“宣传绿色奥运才是现在的.当务之急!我刚刚和几个少先队员在路边宣传环保,可回来的路上还是捡到了被扔在草丛里的饮料瓶。”说着,便举起手里的瓶子,然后把它们扔进了回收箱,迎迎接着说“不过令我欣慰的是,大多数东莞市民环保意识还是很高的,都能做到垃圾分类,在政府创办节约型社会的倡导下,水、电资源的浪费现象大幅度减少,我相信东莞市民的环保意识会进一步提高。”
妮妮手捧一摞旅游指南,面带微笑地说:“2008年北京奥运一定要给中外友人留下亲切友好的印象,给人以宾至如归的感觉,另外也要加强人文服务,使体育场管更加人性化,从而体现我们的人文关怀。”说着,便打开其中一本东莞旅游指南,翻了几页。接下去说:“我还要让中外友人来东莞游览,感受到东莞的文化,我要带他们去游东莞八景、吃东莞传统小食、听粤曲,让他们了解东莞的文化,了解民族英雄林则徐、袁崇焕。”
京京身穿一身中国红的唐装,手里举着一面鲜艳的五星红旗,笑意盈盈地说:“不管是科技奥运,绿色奥运,还是人文奥运,最重要的是如何做好2008年北京奥运会的东道主。在一举手一投足间,处处体现着中国人的素质,处处表现着中国人对外国友人的态度。”大家纷纷表示赞同。
欢欢一身红衣,风风火火地跑过来,大声宣布:“我刚刚看到东莞有不少市民参加了奥运会志愿者的行列,奥运首次在咱们中国北京举办,东莞人热情很高,为体育事业贡献了不少力量!”
“我们也要参加!”欢欢一说完,其他四位福娃喊道,生怕落后。“我不但要做志愿者,还要在场上为奥运健儿加油!”“我要学好英语,到时候也为外国运动员鼓劲!”“对!我也要学好英语,向外国游客介绍中国,介绍北京,介绍东莞。”
五个福娃兴致勃勃地聊着聊着,畅想着2008那举世瞩目的那一刻… …
小作者:602班刘洁愉
指导老师:廖水文
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
刚踏入大门,我抬头一看,不禁“哇”了一声,只见公园绿树成阴,让我觉得自己置身于一片绿色的海洋。绿油油的颜色,真美!
再走一段路,我们都看见了一个湖。清澈的湖水犹如一片碧玉制成的镜子,柳树姑娘虽在湖边的三四米外,但也摆起辫子赞美湖儿。湖里小鱼连忙道谢。碧绿的湖,真美!
走啊走,一股爽郎的笑声传来,哈!原来已经到了孩子们最喜爱的游乐场啦!孩子们有的脸上挂着开心的笑容,有的急不可待,还有的.在用甜甜的声音撒娇,哀求家长让他们玩多一会儿,可能是实在舍不得吧!也可能贪玩。但更多的是喜悦、爽郎的笑声。啊!公园的声音真美。
东莞公园的美数也数不清,说也说不尽,它传递着每一种美,传递着美丽的风景。
我爱东莞公园,更爱我的家乡,我希望让更多的人也领悟到美。
看来,我得好好保护环境,让更多人看见美,现在,我要从自己做起,从身边的点滴做!
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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