我的家乡是一个四面环山的小县城,坐落在秦岭山的脚下,第一眼就可以看到有一条小河,清澈的河里有很多的小鱼在水中自由自在地游来游去。两岸山上的翠柏四季常青。我的家乡就像是一个美丽的公园,是西安的后花园,也是安康的北大门,这里一年四季都有看不完的美景,我的家乡是宁陕。
春天,山上的迎春花,桃花、梨花……都百花争艳的开着。从远处看,山坡上有红的,黄的,还有白的……五颜六色,美丽极了。各种花把山坡全盖住了,从远处都能闻到花的清香,花香扑鼻,真是令人陶醉啊,不时几只蜜蜂在花丛中采蜜,嗡嗡嗡的真可爱,一缕缕的阳光穿过刚发芽的树叶,照在那娇嫩的花朵上,是为了让花儿露出美丽的笑脸,这么多美丽的景物融会在一起,真是为春天增色不少。
夏天到了,清晨,在河边白鹭从天上轻轻地飞下头伸到水里去捉小鱼之类的,真是让他们美餐一顿,人们刚起来推开窗户,清馨的空气里夹杂这花的清香扑鼻而来,真舒服,人们闻着这种甜美的气息就开始这一天的工作,中午虽然阳光强烈,但是到了下午人们刚吃完饭,就开着车到小河的上游去游泳,边欣赏着沿途的美景边吹着凉风一点儿也不觉着热,这时也是我们最开心的时候了,因为我们可以在河里玩耍,还可以在河里让小鱼亲你的脚,痒痒的但很舒服,天边的红霞,像晚风微笑,头上飞过的鸟儿,绘成了一幅自然和谐的风景画。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
春天是个好季节,它没有夏天的炎热,秋天的孤寂,冬天的凛冽。春天就是上天赐给大地的礼物,使大地变得丰富多彩。在这春暖花开的季节里,万物都苏醒了,也正是因为它们,才能够呈现给我们这么色彩斑斓的春天。
看,小草露出了小脑袋,使着劲的向上成长着,生怕有人忽视了它的存在。
看,月季花开了。甜美的花苞在一夜之间绽放,散发出沁人心脾的香味,让人们心情舒畅。
看,柳树抽出了新芽。那绿色的小辫子让柳树姐姐高兴坏了,柳树姐姐自豪的与春风跳起了优美的“华尔兹”。
看,小溪流动了。那奔流不息的溪水是在感激春姑娘为它解冻呢!
看,淅淅沥沥的春雨落下了。俗话说“春雨贵如油”,可不是吗。它像牛毛,像细丝,像花针,落在大地的每个角落。
看,公园里的小朋友多起来了,他们打打闹闹,仿佛是在庆祝脱掉春装后的喜悦。
看,公园里的风筝多起来了,一只只五颜六色的风筝,仿佛是在祝贺春天的降临。
看……
“万紫千红总是春”,可不是吗,春姑娘披上彩色的外衣后格外高兴,于是她欣喜的带着我们走进了另一个世界——动物的奇幻世界。
看啊,冬眠的棕熊苏醒了,它伸了一个懒腰,准备去储藏新年的食物。
看啊,小蜜蜂们小蜜蜂一个个都跑出来了。它们提着装蜜的\'小桶,辛勤的为大自然劳动着。
“春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟”,“野火烧不尽。春风吹又生”……其实都是在赞美它们啊!
春天,就是因为它们而美丽,就是因为它们而散发出无限的生机。它们衬托了春天的美,让春天不是单调的,不是冷清的,它们为春天做出了不可磨灭的贡献!
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