I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
走进五月,感受和煦的风与细雨谱写的音乐在你我的身边流淌。多少个英雄的节日相拥在五月:劳动节、青年节、母亲节、护士节……在这粉色的五月,护士节也如同天使般向我们款款走来,她像春风张满风帆,鼓舞我,放下紧缩的翅羽,飞得更高更远!
我是一名护士,在刚开始接受医学启蒙教育时,我的老师曾说,你选择了这一行就选择了奉献。当时我还不太明白这“奉献”二字的深刻含义。可是从我第一次进病房起,戴上燕尾帽,穿上白大衣,我才明白这白衣天使称号的背后有多少人在无私的奉献。从我的.亲身经历中,我才真切的感到我们的工作是多么的辛苦!打针、发药、铺床、输液,在苦中感受着呵护生命的快乐;交班、接班、白天、黑夜,在累中感受生命轮回的航舵。在医院特有的气味中,我们走过了清纯的少女时代;从血染的伤口边,我们走过了炙热的青春年华;在白色蒙蒙的氛围中,我们用一颗真诚的心来面对无数个夜晚的漫长;在亲人的期待和焦怨声中,我们把自己奉献给了一个个身患疾苦的病人……
每当我看着镜中一袭白衣的自己,脑海中总会想起南丁格尔女士那段感人至深的话语,她说道:“只要我此身存在,我一定为你们的生命而奋斗,并用我的一生实践这一诺言。”这是一位伟大的女性在经历了太多生与死的抗争搏斗之后发出的感叹!此时此刻,我终于亲身体会并深深地领会到了这其中的感情。
然而护士也有心酸和苦闷。节假日里,你想牵手爱人和孩子上街挑选自己心爱的衣物,你不能,因为你是护士;风雨夜里,你想找个女性的理由推迟上班,你不能,因为你是护士;在隔离病房,你怕感染?你不能,因为你是护士。在产房,你怕鲜血?你不能,因为你是护士。想起一个个新生命降临,想起那一个个无助期盼的眼神,想起那一声声呼唤,你天使般的脚步马不停蹄,总是和病人的心贴得很近。有人说,用自己的左手温暖自己的右手是一种自怜,而用自己的双手去温暖别人的双手,却是一种最原始最真诚的奉献。我不是诗人,不能用最漂亮的诗句讴歌我的职业;我不是学者,难以用深邃的思想思考我的价值;我不是歌手,更没有动听的歌喉咏颂我平凡的岗位。我戴的燕尾帽,没有皇冠的典雅,但却闪耀着圣洁的风采;我的白大衣没有礼服的美丽,却代表着天使的纯洁。我不是演员,但我却在人生的舞台上展示优美的白衣神韵,我是一名普普通通的护士,可我却能用勤劳的双手和博大的爱心将人类的至真、至善、至美传递给每一位患者,用满满的真情,换来患者满意的笑脸和真诚的感谢。
我把微笑写在脸上,把心酸埋在心底,把燕尾留在发梢,把圣洁挂在胸前。我愿和我的护理姐妹们一起,在这个没有掌声,没有喝彩,只有生与死的舞台上永远前行。
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