但是世界上并不存在完美的说法,屋子里传来了打“牌九”的嘈杂声。依晰可以听出有人喊“下注的快点下注!”有人在借钱“翻本”,有人讨债还钱,有人把烟头摁熄,不耐烦地催促某人出牌......鱼龙混杂的声音划破原本宁静的中午,窗前写作业的小学声气得把手中的笔摔在地上,其中,也有一个个不为人知的家庭慢慢支离破碎:女的死死捏住存折,男的动手打妻子,企图把她手中的存折一把夺过来,小男孩死死抱住父亲的裤脚,老人在一旁流着浑浊的眼泪,有一口没一口地抽烟,叹息声,火药味在天花板下蔓延......
走进那见小平房,每个赌博者的眼中分明写着玩世不恭和司空见惯;有的眼睛红红的,别以为他在惭愧,其实他输得眼睛冒血丝而已,就像一只发疯的狮子;有的眼神里写满了贪婪,眼珠子快给溜出来了;有的带着黑眼圈,蓬头盖面的,不知道的还以为是从动物园逃出来的熊猫呢,肯定又该在小平房里面“浴血奋战”了几十个小时吧......
看到桌面上花花绿绿的钞票,我有点漠视以对,因为这里面又该表明有多少个家庭又要支离破碎了吧!
难道不劳而获的事情真的那么好吗?那自己的家庭幸福来赌一把真的就那么痛快吗?
有时侯,我真想把这幢小平房给烧了,烧光它多好,最好把里面的那些人也烧死,把那些赌博的灵魂从我们身边消失得干干净净,该有多好啊!
现实终归是现实,我慢慢走进步事业了小平房,人是出来了,但是心还在那里,我静静地坐在篮球场里,有点伤感地想着刚才的一切,呆呆地看着远方的草林,陷入一时的沉思默想......
忽然我的.思绪被打断了,只听到外面一阵子慌乱,不知道是谁打了110,警察马上赶来逮捕了这些亡命之赌徒,那些人还死不悔改,骂骂咧咧的把警察叔叔骂了个狗血淋有,警察叔叔比我更冷漠地看着这些人,大概是因为他们觉得这些赌徒根本就不是人的缘故吧!看到这,我拍手叫好,赌徒们均把冷冷的余光扫给了我,还真是凌厉啊,但是我的目光更狠,就是赌博害我的亲人走上了不归之路,叫我如何怜悯这些人呢?我看着桌面上花花绿绿的钞票,这些下足了铜臭味道的赌资,我发现他们的人生该多么悲惨啊,也许他们的人生价值只值这区区的几千块钱吧!
赌徒被押走了,我看着榕树,有点若有所思地自言自语:“你愿意让你的人生押上这么少的赌资,赌一把么?
一切又重归于寂静之中,榕树落下的叶子打着旋儿地落下,悲伤淡淡地充斥在其中。“人生真的要押上赌资赌一把吗?”我淡淡地执着着,叶子依旧那样轻盈地落下,它大概不知道对大地而言,它该是如此的沉重哪!
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
但是世界上并不存在完美的说法,屋子里传来了打“牌九”的嘈杂声。依晰可以听出有人喊“下注的快点下注!”有人在借钱“翻本”,有人讨债还钱,有人把烟头摁熄,不耐烦地催促某人出牌......鱼龙混杂的声音划破原本宁静的`中午,窗前写作业的小学声气得把手中的笔摔在地上,其中,也有一个个不为人知的家庭慢慢支离破碎:女的死死捏住存折,男的动手打妻子,企图把她手中的存折一把夺过来,小男孩死死抱住父亲的裤脚,老人在一旁流着浑浊的眼泪,有一口没一口地抽烟,叹息声,火药味在天花板下蔓延......
走进那见小平房,每个赌博者的眼中分明写着玩世不恭和司空见惯;有的眼睛红红的,别以为他在惭愧,其实他输得眼睛冒血丝而已,就像一只发疯的狮子;有的眼神里写满了贪婪,眼珠子快给溜出来了;有的带着黑眼圈,蓬头盖面的,不知道的还以为是从动物园逃出来的熊猫呢,肯定又该在小平房里面“浴血奋战”了几十个小时吧......
看到桌面上花花绿绿的钞票,我有点漠视以对,因为这里面又该表明有多少个家庭又要支离破碎了吧!
难道不劳而获的事情真的那么好吗?那自己的家庭幸福来赌一把真的就那么痛快吗?
有时侯,我真想把这幢小平房给烧了,烧光它多好,最好把里面的那些人也烧死,把那些赌博的灵魂从我们身边消失得干干净净,该有多好啊!
现实终归是现实,我慢慢走进步事业了小平房,人是出来了,但是心还在那里,我静静地坐在篮球场里,有点伤感地想着刚才的一切,呆呆地看着远方的草林,陷入一时的沉思默想......
忽然我的思绪被打断了,只听到外面一阵子慌乱,不知道是谁打了110,警察马上赶来逮捕了这些亡命之赌徒,那些人还死不悔改,骂骂咧咧的把警察叔叔骂了个狗血淋有,警察叔叔比我更冷漠地看着这些人,大概是因为他们觉得这些赌徒根本就不是人的缘故吧!看到这,我拍手叫好,赌徒们均把冷冷的余光扫给了我,还真是凌厉啊,但是我的目光更狠,就是赌博害我的亲人走上了不归之路,叫我如何怜悯这些人呢?我看着桌面上花花绿绿的钞票,这些下足了铜臭味道的赌,我发现他们的人生该多么悲惨啊,也许他们的人生价值只值这区区的几千块钱吧!
赌徒被押走了,我看着榕树,有点若有所思地自言自语:“你愿意让你的人生押上这么少的赌一把么?
一切又重归于寂静之中,榕树落下的叶子打着旋儿地落下,悲伤淡淡地充斥在其中。“人生真的要押上赌一把吗?”我淡淡地执着着,叶子依旧那样轻盈地落下,它大概不知道对大地而言,它该是如此的沉重哪!
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