1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
唯有种子的积蓄力量,才有花朵的灿烂开放;唯有少年的不懈努力,才有长大后自由翱翔的广阔天地。
——题记
我们身处于中考的冲刺阶段,紧张的氛围将我们包裹,令人窒息,但我们心中始终有个信念在想起,它告诉我们:宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来。对,我们也一直在这么做,一切困难都吓不倒我们这座坚实的堡垒。
作业——我不怕
“唉,老师呀,我的亲娘啊,这么多作业啊!”“是呀,毕业班的生活如此悲惨,我倒。”……看,老师刚走出教室,教室里就“鬼哭狼嚎”起来。小A一下子躺在桌子上滑到,小B在那里马不停蹄地写作业,嘴里还不住地唠叨着什么。这时班长站起来大叫一声:“听着,战友们,这点儿困难怕什么,没有今天的汗水,哪有明天的辉煌?大家加油干吧!”这一下可真管用,所有同学都坐直了身子,目光炯炯地注视着课桌,摩拳擦掌,奋袖出臂,仿佛在说:作业,我不怕!
考试——我能行
“同学们,今天下午咱们进行一场数学测试,大家好好准备一下。”
下午到了,考场上同学们的表情独具特色。看那个穿红衣服的,在那里抓耳挠腮,皱着眉,笔在手里来回地颠倒着,肯定是被难住喽。再看那坐在第一位的.同学,嘴角微微上翘,目不斜视,正奋笔疾书。哈哈,一定是胸有成竹吧。而坐在他旁边的女同学,一会刷刷刷写一阵,一会儿托着香腮思考,好认真哟!转换镜头,再回到红衣服那里,他的动作已变得轻松起来,想必是已经解出来了吧?考场如战场,每个同学都非常谨慎,心中怀着一种信念:考试,我能行!
跑步——我坚持
和煦的春风吹拂着脸颊,变得暖和的阳光柔柔地照在我们的身上,柳枝上的小麻雀也叽叽喳喳地叫着。同学们精神抖擞,准备晨练。“大家跑完四圈就可以休息了。”体育老师话还没说完,有人就瘫坐在地上。跑步开始了,随着老师的一声哨响,同学们像离弦的箭一般冲向前方,仿佛前面就是通向高中的大门。有人掉队了,前面的同学大喊:“快跟上,要坚持,我们带着你,用力啊!”只见那同学鼓起勇气,端着胳膊,脸绷得宣红,一个箭步又跟了上来。
跑道上洒满了汗水,也夹杂着泪水,同学们都张开了一张张飞翔的翅膀,心中都在呐喊:跑步,我坚持!
在通向中考的路上,每个人都在挥洒汗水,因为我们知道:现在的努力是未来腾飞的翅膀!
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
唯有种子的积蓄力量,才有花朵的灿烂开放;唯有少年的不懈努力,才有长大后自由翱翔的广阔天地。
——题记
我们身处于中考的冲刺阶段,紧张的氛围将我们包裹,令人窒息,但我们心中始终有个信念在想起,它告诉我们:宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来。对,我们也一直在这么做,一切困难都吓不倒我们这座坚实的堡垒。
作业——我不怕
“唉,老师呀,我的亲娘啊,这么多作业啊!”“是呀,毕业班的生活如此悲惨,我倒。”……看,老师刚走出教室,教室里就“鬼哭狼嚎”起来。小A一下子躺在桌子上滑到,小B在那里马不停蹄地写作业,嘴里还不住地唠叨着什么。这时班长站起来大叫一声:“听着,战友们,这点儿困难怕什么,没有今天的汗水,哪有明天的辉煌?大家加油干吧!”这一下可真管用,所有同学都坐直了身子,目光炯炯地注视着课桌,摩拳擦掌,奋袖出臂,仿佛在说:作业,我不怕!
——我能行
“同学们,今天下午咱们进行一场数学测试,大家好好准备一下。”
下午到了,考场上同学们的表情独具特色。看那个穿红衣服的,在那里抓耳挠腮,皱着眉,笔在手里来回地颠倒着,肯定是被难住喽。再看那坐在第一位的同学,嘴角微微上翘,目不斜视,正奋笔疾书。哈哈,一定是胸有成竹吧。而坐在他旁边的女同学,一会刷刷刷写一阵,一会儿托着香腮思考,好认真哟!转换镜头,再回到红衣服那里,他的动作已变得轻松起来,想必是已经解出来了吧?考场如战场,每个同学都非常谨慎,心中怀着一种信念:考试,我能行!
跑步——我坚持
和煦的春风吹拂着脸颊,变得暖和的阳光柔柔地照在我们的身上,柳枝上的小麻雀也叽叽喳喳地叫着。同学们精神抖擞,准备晨练。“大家跑完四圈就可以休息了。”体育老师话还没说完,有人就瘫坐在地上。跑步开始了,随着老师的一声哨响,同学们像离弦的箭一般冲向前方,仿佛前面就是通向高中的大门。有人掉队了,前面的同学大喊:“快跟上,要坚持,我们带着你,用力啊!”只见那同学鼓起勇气,端着胳膊,脸绷得宣红,一个箭步又跟了上来。
跑道上洒满了汗水,也夹杂着泪水,同学们都张开了一张张飞翔的翅膀,心中都在呐喊:跑步,我坚持!
在通向中考的路上,每个人都在挥洒汗水,因为我们知道:现在的努力是未来腾飞的翅膀!
常听周边的大人或是长我们一两岁的前辈们说:“你们这一代啊,不要因为以为自己还年轻,就放任自己。否则啊,将来有得你们悔咯。”
是不以为然的,类似于这种苦心婆口的话语早听得耳朵“起茧”了。将来?将来的事将来再说嘛!——是的,这是我早几个月前的想法,放纵,随意,不在乎,像是一心追求自由的风筝,挣脱了“自以为是”的主人的掌控,投入了期盼已久无边无际的天空里,却不料,没了掌控的风筝因为风向的错乱而坠入地面,飞的更高,摔得,也更惨烈。
初三的学习压力越来越紧迫,周边一个个原本微不足道的同学像是一匹脱颖而出的黑马,将我狠狠地甩下。待我某天觉醒时,才发现之前陪我疯陪我闹的死党,早就奔驰在我前面,很快的,我连他们的背影都望不见,只遗留下一股股用力奔跑而弥漫起的灰尘,吹得我一脸的狼狈。
我心里泛起一圈圈名叫惶恐的涟漪,原来我还埋首在娱乐和享受间时,身边那些人早就比我先意识到危机感,早就比我先认识到“你现在努力的每一分,都会成为你将来成功的筹码”。老一代的人的话,逐渐在我耳边响起,“要努力,别虚度光阴,否则将来有得你悔了。”好吧好吧,我现在总算后悔了,要开始努力了,那么会太迟么?将来?没错,我确实还欠自己一个不悔的将来。
努力的过程中未来和自己的存亡就像是紧攥在自己手里。我们这些热血沸腾的新一代有时会因困境而止步不前,会因挫折而踉跄却步,会因误解而举步维艰。可是呢,别忘了!我们还年轻,我们还是鲜活明丽充满生机,所以就算被困境逼得止步不前,被挫折跘的凉踉跄跄,被误解困的举步维艰,我们也能迅速振作起来,握紧拳头,仰头嘶吼:“我们在努力!我们在拼搏!”
是的,或许之前我荒废了无数美好的光阴,虚度了我的人生,但是,现在振作,现在努力,也不迟不是么?我不会让自己后悔,我不会让自己在将来泪眼婆娑地抚自己的毕业照时懊恼自己居然就这么虚度原来最该努力的年华。
如今的我要拼!我要赢!我要做笑到最后的赢家!即使不能一路笑到最后,但拼搏的途中我没有放弃,我仍然在努力向自己的目标奔去,我也问心无愧了!
所以,未来的我!不悔的将来!请张开臂膀等着迎接我把!
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