在小学英语教学中,教师要充分挖掘教材,把学生原有的知识、经验作为获取新知识的基础,通过提示新、旧句型之间的联系,帮助学生建构当前所学句型的意义。例如,在教学《牛津小学英语2B》(译林版,下同第三单元“What can you see?”时,有一位教师首先与学生进行已经学过的“Can you…?”会话,然后通过多媒体出示一个停车场的夜景图。随着一束模拟探照灯的光束移向不同的车辆,教师逐个说:A car.I can see a car.A bus.Ican see a bus.A jeep.I can see…然后,将光束聚焦在一辆小汽车上,问学生:What can you see?引导学生答:Ican see a car.这种从旧知引人人手,通过铺垫性操练,引导学生自然地感知并理解新句型,学生会学得轻松、活泼。
李老师是我的语文老师。她大约三十岁。她非常漂亮和年轻。她的头发是棕色的卷发。
Miss Li always wears a blue coat . I think her favourite colour will be blue .
李小姐总是穿着一件蓝色的外套。我认为她最喜欢的颜色是蓝色的。
Miss Li is very friendly and kindly .Her classes are very interesting ,we all like to have Chinese class .
李小姐是非常友好和善良。她的`课很有趣,我们都喜欢上语文课。
She always smiles when she speak to us .Sometimes she is very strict with us,when we make a mistake,she often makes us stand up .
她总是微笑的时候,她对我们说的。有时候她对我们非常严厉,当我们犯了错误时,她经常让我们站起来。
Miss Li often sticks to have lessons when she is ill , She looked weak,but still beautiful .
李小姐常常上课时,她病了,她看起来很虚弱,但依然美丽。
Miss Li love us very much, she teaches us so carefully .I think she is a good teacher. We all love her,too .
李老师很爱我们,她非常细心的教我们。我认为她是个好老师。我们都爱她。
I think teachers are like candles , giving off light for others by burning themselves 。
我想,老师就像蜡烛,照亮别人燃烧自己。
September 25
Dear Li Hua,
Thank you for your letter dated September 16.It wasn\'t until yesterday that I got it,as I had been out on business for a week.
In your letter,you told me that you preferred your job to the city of Shanghai.In my opinion,Shanghai is an exciting and a beautiful place.Try to enjoy yourself in your spare time besides your devotion to work.
I\'m sorry to say that I won\'t go to Shanghai because our school will hold an open-air party.I have to stay for the performances on the holiday.By the way,would you please come and join us in the party Hangzhou is so beautiful in autumn that I\'m sure you will like it.
Yours
Zhang Hong
Miss Li always wears a blue coat . I think her favourite colour will be blue .
Miss Li is very friendly and kindly .Her classes are very interesting ,we all like to have Chinese class .
She always smiles when she speak to us .Sometimes she is very strict with us,when we make a mistake,she often makes us stand up . 李老师是我的语文老师,她大约30岁左右,她长的又漂亮,又年轻,她的卷发是棕色的`。
Miss Li often sticks to have lessons when she is ill , She looked weak,but still beautiful . 李老师经常穿着蓝色的上衣,所以我认为她最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。
Miss Li love us very much, she teaches us so carefully .I think she is a good teacher. We all love her,too .
李老师对我们总是那样友好,亲切。她的课生动,有趣,我们都喜欢上语文课。她和我们说话的时候总是面带微笑。
有时候她对我们非常严厉,当我们犯了错误,李老师就让我们站起来。
I think teachers are like candles , giving off light for others by burning themselves 。
建构主义学习理论认为,学习不是简单的信息积累,更重要的是包含新旧知识经验的冲突。以及由此而引发的认知结构的***。“联系”与“思考”是意义构建的关键。小学英语句型教学应培养学生通过对知识的主动探索和发现来建构所学知识的意义。
《牛津小学英语》教材的编写采用循环式编排方式。以时间表达的句型为例,这套教材在3B、4A、5B的教材中先后三次在相关单元安排了时间表达的不同句型,体现了“循序渐进、逐步扩展、综合复现”的原则。有一位教师在教学5B第七单元“A busy day时安排了4个教学步骤:1 教师出示教具钟。T:What’s the time?(旧知S1:It’s three o’clock,(旧知2 教师将时间拨到3:30。T:What time is it?(新知S2:It’s three thirty,(旧知3 学习新句型后,教师让学生向教师提问。S3:What time is it?(刚学的新知T:n’s halfpast three,(新知4 教师出示新旧句型,让学生读一读,比一比,想一想,说一说。
这种根据教材内容的编排特点,帮助学生实现由旧知向新知的迁移的教学方法,既突出了知识的连贯性和整体性的教学,从客观上降低了学生理解新知的难度,又有利于学生循序渐进地建构新知。
在语篇教学的推进过程中。需要建构的,不仅仅是学生,更需要教师的主动建构。
首先,教师新的角色意识的转换。在语篇教学的过程中,教师不仅应该是教会学生语篇的人,更应该是引导学生经历语篇学习过程的组织者、促进者。只有教师完成这种角色的转换,才能在语篇教学中思考:在学习该语篇之前。学生已经具备了什么?还需要通过学习获得什么?在此过程中我可以为他们做些什么?学生还需要哪些资源?他们有多少自主学习的空间?等等。经历了这样的思考,我们的语篇教学才会真正注重学生英语能力的培养。注重学生的英语学习能力和学习习惯的培养。
“书读百遍,其义自见”,只有这种解读和理解才能使得我们对教材的使用成为建立在每一个不同教师原有教学经验之上的内化和建构,才能真正用出“精彩”。
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