想当然地觉得《逃离》是一本长篇小说,因为中短篇小说集在国内难获出版,更不被普遍患有长篇小说迷狂症的读者青睐,《逃离》的出版方也在淡化它的中篇小说集形象,事实上,《逃离》由八个略长的中篇小说组成,其中三个是连贯的,但艾丽丝·门罗的小说,每一篇,都足以当做长篇小说来读。
用阅读感觉来划分,中短篇小说可以粗略地、武断地分为两种,一种像核桃、玻璃球,但求畅快、戏剧化,主张精巧和俏皮,发展到极端,就是欧·亨利和星新一,为了这一段故事不顾一切,倾家荡产地盛装上演,刻意破坏人生的肌理,罔顾人生的开放性,我们受这种小说熏陶多年,以至于形成了阅读上的恶习。另一种中短篇,像截了一段大河,却不是物理上的那种截断——那种竭泽而渔的截断,而是心理上的,为观看的方便而截的,前因后果都潜藏着,丰沛奔涌也照旧,甚至比看到整条河流更为浩荡。艾丽丝·门罗的小说属于后一种,她笔致绵密,气息醇厚平静,从不因为写小说而人为破坏生活的肌体,刻意制造落差。
这还不是艾丽丝·门罗小说的全部魅力所在,她的小说还体现着她的一种努力——恢复小说的神秘性,她远离了当代小说那种锐利但却琐碎的、简约但却留白过多的、克制到寡情的作风,让小说重新成为混沌的、朦胧的、多解的、磅礴的、雾气缭绕的、根系繁多的,所以,她会被视为契科夫的传人,但这也增加了她的小说在被领略时的难度,她37岁时才出版首部短篇小说集《好荫凉之舞》,多年来获奖无数,却始终呈现出一种沉潜之姿。
《逃离》可以当做一个豁口,让我们向她的那个世界投以一窥。八个故事的主人公都是女性,且都生活在加拿大小镇上,她们的日常生活细节,是当代小说中失落已久的,农活、甜点、清汤寡水的日常交际、万语千言的日记和书信;她们目光所及处的风景,也是我们久久不曾领略的,枫树、野菊花、落雨的下午、地毯上的线条;她们所经历的生老病死,也多半是玛格丽特·阿特伍德所谓的“由自然之力造成的死亡”(death by nature,死于海难,或者恶劣的天气,这一切是极具加拿大气质的,提示着作者的地域属性和文化身份。但他们生活中,那种阴森的现代性却并没因此减少,“逃离”就是现代社会赋予他们的悲剧性机缘,以朱丽叶为主人公的《机缘》、《匆匆》、《沉寂》里,朱丽叶逃离女校教职去追随偶然结识的渔夫,她的父亲逃离原有的生活去做农夫,她的女儿骤然离家,弃她而去,在另一个地方过着富足的生活。
现代社会为“逃离”提供了种种便捷:交通、信息传播,人人都得以望见别处,都试图逃离命定的位置,想从苹果变成橘子,或者逃离过分熟悉的生活,以及可以预见的未来,乘火车、轮船、飞机,竭尽一切可能,逃离成为一种普遍的愿望,但艾丽丝·门罗描绘了这种愿望,又逐一扼***了这愿望,给所有逃离者——特别是女性——以惩罚,《播弄》的结尾,点出逃离的后果:“若冰的一些病人相信,梳子与牙刷都必须放在一定的位置,鞋子必须朝着正确的方向摆,迈的步子应该不多不少,否则一定会遭到报应的。”逃离的可能中蕴含的现代性,和逃离的后果之中的宿命性,形成一个神秘的谜团。
《逃离》可以被视为“概念小说集”,八个故事隐隐被一个概念、一种气质统一,人物的生活背景、遭遇、情感也多有近似,八个故事并无隔离之感,气韵也并不被阻断,混在一起组成了长卷。这种传统的上游,是舍伍德·安德森和詹姆斯·乔伊斯,再庞大一点,还有福克纳。
我在立秋的雨天读这本书,一直想起去南方时,在火车上看到的窗外情景,峡谷或者平原,藏在水汽蒙蒙中,树林和田野里,散布着房屋——这是艾丽丝·门罗的小说在形象上给我的通感,与当代小说给我的形象通感——白热的城市的下午,完全不同。
On Sunday morning, my parents took me to the zoo. We did not go there for a long time. Last week, my classmates told me that the zoo added some funny entertainment facilities. I was very curious. So, I asked my parents to took me there and they promised to. We got there at 9 o\'clock. There were many people.
Most of them were parents and children. We first went to see the animal. I like parrots most. And then we saw the animal shows. Elephants, tigers, lions and monkeys did wonderful shows for us. People were happy, especially the children. After that, we went to experienced the entertainment facilities.
My mum was too scared to be with us. So, only my dad and I played. It was so exciting, but I was a little dizzy. However, I was very happy. It was a great day.
Animals are friends of human beings. Most of them are lovely. I like giraffe the most. They are very tall and have many brown spots.
They have very long necks, so that they can eat the leaves in high trees. Giraffes are gentle and lovely. They are friendly to people.
When I go to the zoo, I always look at them. They move slowly. I can’t keep it as a pet, because it’s so huge. It’s a big pity.
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