When a lion was asleep, a little mouse began running up and down beside him. This soon wakened the lion. He was very angry, and caught the mouse in his paws.
"Forgive me, please." cried the little mouse. "I may be able to help you someday." The lion was tickled at these words.
He thought, "How could this little mouse help me?" However he lifted up his paws and let him go.
A few days later, the lion was caught in a trap.
The hunters wanted to take him alive to the king, so they tied him to a tree, and went away to look for a wagon.
Just then the little mouse passed by, and saw the sad lion.
He went up to him, and soon gnawed away the ropes. "Was I not right?" asked the little mouse.
狮子与报恩的老鼠
●狮子睡着了,有只老鼠在他的周围爬上爬下,很快吵醒了狮子,狮子很生气,一把抓住了老鼠。
●“饶了我吧,”老鼠请求说,“也许有一天我能帮上你的忙呢。”狮子觉得很好笑,他想:“这只小老鼠怎么能帮上我的忙?”但他还是抬起爪子放他走了。
●不久,狮子被陷阱困住了。猎人们想将活狮子献给国王,就把他捆在一棵大树上,然后去找马车。
●这时,老鼠路过这里,看到了绝望中的狮子。他走过去,很快啃断了绳索,说:“我虽小,可是我也能帮上你的忙。”
寓意: 有些朋友也许平时看似微不足道,但却有可能在我们身处困境的时候提供巨大的帮助。
High school is regarded as the best time in a person's life. As a senior three student, it won't take long before I graduate. Now, I have much to share with my fellow students.
高中被认为是一个人一生中最好的时间。作为一名三年级的学生,在我毕业前不需要很长时间。现在,我和我的同学们分享了很多。
Firstly, I would like to show my appreciation to those standing by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends included. Without their help and advice, my life would be different. Secondly, it's high time to say sorry to classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood. Communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship. Above all, I've made up my mind to make every effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the old saying goes, "no pains, no gains."
首先,我想对我所有的方式,教师,家长和朋友包括我的赞赏。没有他们的帮助和建议,我的生活将是不同的。其次,是对我伤害或误解的同学说对不起的时候了。沟通和微笑是友谊的桥梁。最重要的是,我已经下决心要尽一切努力去学习,因为我相信努力工作是成功的关键。正如俗话所说:“没有痛苦,没有收获。”
Finally I hope that all the younger fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no men.
最后,我希望所有的年轻人都能充分利用时间,因为时间和时间等待任何人。
Some fish are forced to leave polluted water and are flying in the sky. But unfortunately, air is also so polluted that they have to wear masks. Each of them is crying, “Where is my home?” What a terrible sight!
Mankind has brought so much pollution. Waste is being poured into rivers and seas. Poisons to kill pests in farming and chemicals go into rivers and seas, too. Poisonous gasses from factories also make the air so dirty. The whole balance of nature is being destroyed as a result of our ignorance of the environmental protection.
Personally, man can not live alone on the earth. Should fish die from serious pollution, so would man! It is high time we did something to prevent such a scene from happening.
一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来,英语说明文与其它文体一样,文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面,即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。
1. Who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
2. What:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3. When和Where:是在何时何地发生的`?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)
4. How:通过什么方式表现出来的?
5. Why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么?
做说明文阅读阅读的时候,一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读,边搜记,牢记要点,把握全文。
二.说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说,高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种:
1. 细节理解题
说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y、Second(1y、Third(1yFinally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证,这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导,命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、
相反的比较、偷换对象的比较,经常出现在干扰项中,考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较,才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等,命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处,只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同,而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。
2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律,事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白,因此学术性强的生词较多,所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文,分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的,并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象,这类题目常以 it,they,them 等代词为命题点,因此考生要根据上下文语境,认真阅读原文,分析动作转换背景,弄清动作不同执行者,以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。
3. 主旨理解题
说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major
surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干,掌握问题的类型,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。
4. 判断推理题。
这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2 The author suggests that...(3 The story implies that…(4 Which point of view may the author agree to?(5 From the passage we can conclude that...(6 The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的,它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系,文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义,考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题,这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点,要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文,并对照原文介绍的情况,弄清图示的差异,根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如:动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题,考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断,了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具,是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。
观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。
【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
【问题设计】
According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?
A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.
C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.
Snow-white
Once there was a Queen. She was sitting at the window. There was snow outside in the garden-snow on the hill and in the lane, snow on the hunts and on the trees: all things were white with snow.
The Queen was making a coat for a little child. She said, "I want my child to be white as this cloth, white as the snow. And I shall call her Snow-white."
Some days after that the Queen had a child. The child was white as snow. The Queen called her Snow-white.
But the Queen was very ill, and after some days she died. Snow-white lived, and was a very happy and beautiful child.
One year after that, the King married another Queen. The new Queen was very beautiful; but she was not a good woman.
A wizard had given this Queen a glass. The glass could speak. It was on the wall in the Queen's room. Every day the queen looked in the glass to see how beautiful she was. As she looked in the glass, she asked: "Tell me, glass upon the wall, who is most beautiful of all?" And the glass spoke and said: "The Queen is most beautiful of all."
Year went by. Snow-white grew up and became a little girl. every day the Queen looked in the glass and said, "Tell me, glass upon the wall, who is most beautiful of all?" And the glass said, "Snow-white is most beautiful of all."
When the Queen heard this, she was very angry. She said, "Snow-white is not more beautiful than I am. There is no one who is more beautiful than I am."
Then the Queen sat on her bed and cried.
After one hour the Queen went out of her room. She called one of the servants, and said, "Take Snow-white into the forest and kill her."
The servant took Snow-white to the forest, but he did not kill her, because she was so beautiful and so good. He said, "I shall not kill you; but do not go to the King's house, because the Queen is angry and she will see you. If the Queen sees you, she will make some other man kill you. Wait here in the forest; some friends will help you." Then he went away.
Poor Snow-white sat at the foot of a tree and cried. Then she saw that night was coming. She said, "I will not cry. I will find some house where I can sleep tonight. I cannot wait here: the bears will eat me."
She went far into the forest. Then she saw a little hut. She opened the door of the hut, and went in. In the hut she saw seven little beds. There was a table, and on the table there were seven little loaves and seven little glasses. She ate one of the loaves. Then she said, "I want some water to drink." So she drank some water out of one of the glasses. Then she fell asleep on one of the seven little beds.
The hut was the home of seven Little Men. When it was night, the seven Little Men came to the hut. Each Little Man had a big beard, and a little blue coat. Each Little Man came into the hut, and took his little lamp. Then each Little Man sat down, and ate his little loaf, and drank his little glass of water.
But one Little Man said, "Someone has eaten my little loaf." And another Little Man said, "Someone has drunk my little glass of water." Then the seven Little Men went to bed, but one Little Man said, "Someone is sleeping on my little bed." All the seven Little Men came to look at Snow-white as she slept on the Little Men's bed. They said, "She is very beautiful."
Snow-white awoke, and saw the seven Little Men with their big beards standing near her bed. She was afraid. The Little men said, "Do not be afraid. We are your friends. Tell us how you came here." Snow-white said, "I will tell you." Then she told them her story.
They said, "Do not be afraid. Live here with us. But see that the door shut when we are not in the house with you. Do not go out. If you go out, the bad Queen will find you. Then she will know that you are not dead, and will tell someone to kill you." So Snow-white lived in the hut with the seven Little Men.
After some days Snow-white went into the garden. One of the Queen's servants was going through the forest, and he saw her. He went and told the Queen, "Snow-white is in a hut in the forest." The Queen was very angry when she heard that Snow-white was not dead.
The Queen took an apple. She made a hole in the red side of the apple, and put some powder into the hole. Then she put on old clothes and went to the hut. She called, "Is any one there?" Snow-white opened the door, and came out to her. The Queen said, "I have some pretty apples. Eat one of my pretty apples." Snow-white took the apple and said, "Is it good?" The Queen said, "See, I will eat this white side of the apple; you eat the red side. Then you will know that it is good."
Snow-white ate the red side of the apple. When the powder was in her mouth, she fell down dead. The Queen went back to her house. She went into her room. she looked into the glass and said, "Tell me, glass upon the wall, who is most beautiful of all?" The glass said, "The Queen is most beautiful of all." Then the Queen know that Snow-white was dead.
The Little Men came back to the hut. When they saw that Snow-white was dead, the poor Little Men cried. Then they put Snow-white in a box made of glass. They took the glass box to a hill and put it there, and said, "Everyone who goes by will see how beautiful she was." Then each Little Man put one white flower on the box, and they went away.
Just as they were going away, a Prince came by. He saw the glass box and said, "What is that?" Then he saw Snow-white in the box. He said, "She was very beautiful: but do not put her there. There is a hall in the garden of my father's house. It is all made of white stone. We will take the glass box and put it in the hall of beautiful white stone."
The Little Men said, "Take her." Then the Prince told his servants to take up the box. They took up the box. Just then one of the servants fell down. The box fell, and Snow-white fell with the box. The bit of apple fell out of her mouth: she awoke, and sat up, and said, "Where am I?"
The Prince said, "You are with me. I never saw anyone as beautiful as you. Come with me and be my Queen."
The Prince married Snow-white, and she became his Queen.
A man went and told this to the bad Queen. When she heard it she was so angry that she fell down dead.
Snow-white lived and was very happy ever after. And the Little Men came to see her every year.
白雪公主
从前,有一个王后,她坐在窗户旁。窗外的花园里积满了雪,山上是雪,小路上是雪,树上和屋顶上也积着雪,万物一片白茫茫。她手中拿着些布和一枚针,她手中的不就像雪一样洁白。王后正在为小孩做一件上衣,她说:“我想我的孩子能够像这布一样白,想雪一样白,我要叫她'白雪公主'。”
几天之后,王后生了个小孩,这个孩子白得像雪一样,王后给她取名为“白雪公主”。但是,王后得了重病,几天以后就去世了。白雪公主活了下来,她是一个十分幸福和美丽的孩子。
王后去世一年以后,国王又娶了一位王后。新王后十分漂亮,但是,她不是一个善良的女人。一个巫师给了新王后一面镜子,这面镜子会说话,它挂在王后房间的墙上,每天王后照着镜子,欣赏自己多么漂亮。当她照镜子的时候,她问:“告诉我,墙上的魔镜,谁是世界上最漂亮的人?”于是魔镜开口说道:“王后是世界上最漂亮的。”
过了数年,白雪公主长成大人了。当白雪公主是一个年轻姑娘时,有一天,王后照着镜子说:“告诉我,墙上的魔镜,谁是世界上最漂亮的?”魔镜说:“白雪公主是世界上最漂亮的。”
当王后听到这些话时,非常恼怒,她说:“白雪公主没有我漂亮,没有一个人比我更漂亮。”然后,王后坐在床上哭了。一小时后,王后从她的房间走出来,她叫来一个仆人说:“把白雪公主带到森林中***掉。”
仆人带着白雪公主到了森林,但他没有***死她,因为她太美丽太善良了。他说:“我不会***死你的,但是,你不能回王宫,因为,王后很生气,她会看到你的。如果王后发现你,她会让别人***死你的。你就呆在森林里,会有朋友来帮助你的。”然后,他走了。
可怜的白雪公主坐在一棵树底下哭了,这时,她看到天快黑了,她说:“我不哭了,我要找所房子今晚好睡觉,我不能呆在这儿了,熊会吃了我的。”她往森林深处走去,这时,她发现了一座小屋,她打开小屋的门,走了进去。在小屋里,她看到七张小床,还有一张桌子,桌子上有七块小面包和七个小杯子。她吃了其中一块面包,然后说:“我想喝点水。”于是,她又喝了一个杯子中的一些水。之后,她躺在一张小床上睡着了。
这座小屋是七个小矮人的家。当天黑下来的时候,七个小矮人回到小屋。每个小矮人都留着一副大胡子,穿一件小蓝上衣。小矮人进了小屋,每个人都点上他们的小灯,然后,小矮人都坐下,开始吃面包,喝小杯里的水。
但是,一个小矮人说:“有人把我小面包吃了。”另一个小矮人说:“有人把我的小杯子里的水喝了。”然后,七个小矮人去睡觉。可是一个小矮人说:“有人正睡在我的小床上。”七个小矮人都过来看睡在小矮人床上的白雪公主。他们说:“她真漂亮。”
白雪公主醒了,发现七个留着大胡子的小矮人正站在她床旁,她很害怕。小矮人们说:“别害怕,我们是你的好朋友,告诉我们你是怎么来这儿的。”白雪公主说:“我告诉你们。”接着她就给他们讲述了自己的经历。他们说:“不要害怕。就在这儿和我们住在一起,但是,我们不在家的时候,你一定要关上门,千万别出去。如果你出去了,坏王后会发现你,这样,她知道你没有死,会让人来***死你。”于是,白雪公主和七个小矮人在这座小屋里生活着。
几天以后,白雪公主去了一趟花园。王后的一个仆人正经过这片森林,他发现了阿。他回去告诉了王后:“白雪公主在森林的一座小屋里。”王后听说白雪公主没有死,十分恼火。
王后拿来一个苹果,她在苹果红的一边挖了一个洞,把一些毒的粉末放在这个洞里。然后,她穿上一身旧衣服,去了小屋。她喊:“屋里有人吗?”白雪公主打开门,出来见她。王后说:“我有一些漂亮的苹果,吃一个尝尝吧?”白雪公主拿着苹果说:“这好吃吗?”王后说:“瞧,我吃苹果白的一半,你吃红的一半,你会知道它味道不错。”白雪公主吃了苹果红的一半,当粉末进入她嘴里时,她倒下去死了。
王后回到家,进了自己的房间,对着镜子说:“告诉我,墙上的魔镜,谁是世界上最漂亮的。”魔镜说:“王后是世界上最漂亮的。”于是,王后知道白雪公主已经死了。
小矮人们回到小屋,发现白雪公主死了。可怜的小矮人们全都哭了。然后,他们把白雪公主放进玻璃棺材里,并把它抬到山坡上,安放在那里,说:“每位经过这里的人都会看见她是多么美丽。”接着每个小矮人在棺材上放了一朵白花,然后离开了。
他们刚刚要离开,一位王子从此经过,他看着玻璃棺材说:“那是什么?”这时,他发现白雪公主躺在里面,他说:“她太美丽了,把能把她放在这里,在父亲的王宫里有一座大厅,整个大厅都是用白石头砌成,我们把玻璃棺材搬到那所漂亮的白石大厅里。”小矮人们说:“抬走她吧。”
然后,王子告诉他的仆人抬起棺材。他们抬起它时,不巧一个仆人跌倒了。把棺材也摔到地上,白雪公主随同棺材跌了下来,那块苹果从她嘴里掉了出来,她醒了过来,坐起来说:“我这是在哪儿?”王子说:“你跟我在一起,我从来没有见过一位像你这么美丽的人,跟我来,做我的王后吧。”王子和白雪公主结婚了,她成了王后。
一个人去把这些消息告诉了坏王后,当她听到这些,气得倒下死去了。从那以后,白雪公主一直生活得很幸福。每年小矮人们都来看她。
New Words and Expressions 生词和词组:
wizard n. 男巫
hut n. 茅舍,小屋
"An illusory snake in a goblet" is used to describe the psychological state of being frightened caused by taking illusions as reality.
“杯弓蛇影”比喻把虚幻当作真实的恐惧心理。
In Jin Dynasty there was a man named Yue Guang who was fond of drinking alcohol.
晋朝有个叫乐(yuè广的人,爱喝酒。
One day, he invited a friend to his house to drink together.
一天,他邀请朋友到家里来对斟(zhēn对饮。
Suddenly, his friend saw the reflection of a snack swimming in the goblet.
忽然,朋友看见酒杯里有条蛇影在游动。
He got so much frightened that he took ill on bed after getting home.
他受了惊吓,回去便一病不起。
And neither any doctor or any medicine could cure his illness.
请医服药,都无起色。
Yue Guang came to see him and asked about the cause of his disease.
乐广跑来看他,问明起病的缘由。
When he got to know the cause, he pulled his friend from the bed immdiately and took him to his house.
乐广听后一把拉起朋友往家走。
Yue Guang made his friend sit where he used to, pouring a goblet of alcohol for him, and asked him," Is there any snake reflection in the goblet?"
他让朋友坐在原处,斟满酒问:“有蛇影吗?”
There was still a "snake reflection" in the goblet! Yue casually took away the bow hanging on the wall.
杯子里还有“蛇影”!乐广随手取下墙上的弓。
This time, the "snake reflection" disappeared.
这次,“蛇影”不见了!
"So it was the bow reflection that was in the goblet!" His friend at once got well from his illness.
“杯子里原来是弓影呀!”朋友的病情顿时好了!
I’m very happy to receive your letter, and I’m glad to hear that you will go to China to learn Chinese here. I have already found a fiat for you. It is on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you there, and it is one stop before the Chinese School. The flat is on the third floor with 3 rooms, one of which is bedroom, the other two are bathroom and kitchen. There are a bed, a sofa, a desk and some chairs in this 25 square-metres small fiat, and the rent is 500 yuan per month. Maybe this fiat is not as good as your wish, but I’ll try my best to meet your needs. If it is not suitable enough, write to me and I will look for another better place.
Hope you will come here soon!
All the best!
Yours,
Li Hua
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