要让学生善于写作就必须善于积累,所谓的“善于写作”就是让学生写得清楚,写得充分,写得实在。这就要注重平时的积累,“万丈高楼平地起”,作文也像语文基础知识、阅读一样需要积累,比如积累好词、佳句、精彩片段等。积累首先来源于课文内容。“重视文本”也是新课标的要求,而且很多课文的思考练习中都出现“背诵自己喜欢的自然段,摘抄好词、佳句”这样的练习,认知心理学指出,3岁—12岁是记忆最佳期。可见让小学生多读、多背、多记忆优美的课文能为学生掌握一些好词佳句积累材料,为写作做好了铺垫,能够让他们有词可用、有话可说。为了帮助三年级的学生积累语言,提高语言的储备量,可以布置学生每天摘抄好词好句,定期检查。
其次,除了让学生多进行课内阅读之外,还应督促他们养成良好的自觉阅读课外读物的学习习惯,教师也要多向学生介绍一些课外的名言、古诗词、儿童诗
歌,要求他们熟读成诵,并学习运用。在班队课时开展读书交流会、朗诵比赛、文学知识竞赛、成语接龙等有趣有益的活动,提高学生自觉积累的兴趣和积极性,加深他们对语言本身及其应用的印象,从生活中去领悟,去积累,引导他们掌握更多的学习方法。这样经过长期的积累和内化,学生写作的语言资料库不断丰富完善了,写作时遇到的障碍就会大大减少,作文也能生动起来。
我利用寒假,制作了一个实验装置来验证吸烟对肺部的影响:
设计目标:
通过演示试验了解吸烟对身体的严重危害性。从而引导同学们开展“拒绝吸烟”、“劝戒行动”进行创新活动设计。在活动中知道自觉拒绝香烟,维护自己的权益、维护环境。
装置材料:
一个透明的瓶子矿泉水瓶(含盖子)、香烟、橡皮膜、面巾纸等
装置制作:
取矿泉水瓶盖,在瓶盖上钻一个孔,使一支香烟能够正好卡住,将矿泉水瓶去底,在上面蒙一层橡皮膜用胶水粘牢,松紧要适度,沿瓶盖内部边缘粘一层面巾纸,盖上瓶盖,这样一个简易的实验装置就制作完成了。
实验操作过程:
将一支香烟点燃,插在瓶盖事先打好的孔上,点燃部分向上,模拟人口吸烟过程,来回拉动矿泉水底部的橡皮膜,模拟人的呼吸,这时会发现有烟进入瓶中,而渐渐的会使面巾纸变成黄色,产生很多烟油附在纸巾上(面巾纸模拟人体肺部肺泡),而如果长时间拉动橡皮膜的话瓶子内就会形成一层尘垢。(瓶子模拟人体肺部)。
实验总结:
本实验通过运用材料,模拟了人体吸烟对人体危害的.过程,橡皮膜的拉动,模拟人不断呼吸、面巾纸模拟人体肺部肺泡、瓶子模拟人体肺部,通过一系列实验最终验证了吸烟有害健康。并且说明了吸烟对人体肺部的影响,从而告诫人们切勿吸烟本实验装置材料完全取材于生活,都是一些身边的物品,并且切实地说明了吸烟有害健康这一主题,制作简单,容易操作,实验效果明显使大家直观的了解实验结果,使大家明白吸烟几乎损害人体全部重要器官。对于这一点很多人不以为然,因为这需要时间证明,但我们绝不做此实验的试验品!能够使同学们通过自己动手做实验明白烟对人体的危害,从而达到使同学们远离香烟,拒绝吸烟,永于向香烟说“不!”还可以激发同学们的学习兴趣,促使同学们不断创新,不断努力,向着科学的世界冲!冲!冲!为了我们自己的健康,我们呼吁,全体同学都要自觉地远离香烟,并劝说吸烟的亲友尽量戒烟。毕竟,香烟对我们有害无益;毕竟,没有烟雾的空气会更加清新,没有烟草的生命会更加绚烂!同学们,让我们行动起来,从现在做起,从自我做起,严格控烟,向更多的人宣传吸烟有害健康的公益知识,呼吁全社会都珍惜自己和他人的生命,自觉控烟,坚决拒绝“二手烟”。使我们的天空更加湛蓝!使我们的明天更加辉煌!
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
I read the book of Robinson Crusoe, their captors.
Article describes multiple sailing in the whole island, Crusoe masters of extraordinary survival 28 years experience, strive for survival, show the ingenuity and a man with indomitable perseverance in the face of hardship persistent existence desire, the lonely and eager to rescue the mood. In a lonely island overcome Robinson was done with fear, a savage and said he was "on Friday, they get along with each other, then built on Friday, Crusoe one kind of warm friendship." I also enjoy the disclosure of the business concept: Crusoe each sailing and adventure has clear commercial purpose, with his own property and calculating profit, he will also oneself life the island is his territory, in addition to reveal its economic thought, I admire John Robinson's rich, more learning his strong initiative and spirit of adventure, early efforts, hard work, and perfect kindness thought!
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.