My holiday life will be busy but interesting. I am going to do my homework every day so that I can finish my homework on time.I am going to the library to borrow some books and go to the shops to buy some books so that I can read some interesting books. I am going to play sports such as playing basketball, table tennis, swimming and so on . Of course I am going to help my parents do some housework because they are busy with their work every day.I am going to spend a week in Shanghai with my parents so that we can see the expo. I am sure I am going to have an interesting and happy summer vacation.
summer can be very hot in southern taiwan where the temperature usually goes up to 32"c or more. because of the heat it is a trying experience to go to school or do anything else in a place that is not air-conditioned. also because of this i stay at home most of the time during the summer vacation and only occasionally go to the beach to plunge myself into the cool water as a way to keep my body less sticky.
actually i like swimming and think nothing is more refreshing than a swim. in the summer vacation that has just ended i went swimming many times with my classmates and we all had a good time. this summer vacation, however, was not spent entirely in seeking fun. as a second-year senior student i had to prepare myself for the college entrance examinations that were only a year away. in other words, i must find time to study, too.
so i divided my time between work and play during the summer vacation and derived much benefit from this arrangement.
the summer vacation had come round again. i was happy that i could forget about school at least for a while. lest i fool around all through this summer vacation, i made a plan as to how to spend it. first, i thought i should go over all those things my teachers taught in the previous term so that i could have a better understanding of them.
then i thought i should take up some forms of exercise, such as walking, running and rowing, to keep me physically strong. it stood to reason that with such a good plan i should make the best of my vacation time. i did, because i lived up to what i had planned.
how time flies,unconsciouslthe next winter vacation will soon come.in order to improve myself awell aenjoa happholiday,i made the winter vacation plan.
firstli want to continue with mstudy,i think studia life process,so no matter what the situation i am in,i will look for chanceto continue it.i have bought several new book,including those bookon mmajor(专业and some novel,i will trto finish reading them in the holidaand write notes. j
secondly,since it ithe holiday,i will share it with mfamiland friend.you know the spring festival will soon come, i believe i would chatting and plagamewith mfriendand famil.i think i will enjothe vacation.
其实我也一样,我很想当一个职业漫画家。想让自己笔下的`漫画,受到很多人的喜爱和赞赏。可是我并没有怎么努力去实现这个梦想,只是挂在嘴边说说而已,所以这颗种子被埋没在了心底。直到有一次,我无意中看到了一位职业漫画家的心得:我以前从没想过我也会成为职业漫画家,也许是不放弃的原因吧……这句话使我又有了想成为漫画家的想法,从那以后,每当有空余时间,我都会在草稿纸上画连载漫画,把心里想的都画在纸上。当我看到一张张纸上画满的漫画,心中都会有说不出的兴奋,也许这就是一个漫画家才能享受的满足感吧!
慢慢地,我感觉,心中的那颗种子似乎探出了脑袋,发出了希望的光芒。所以,我要更用心地去浇灌那颗希望的种子,我相信只要我努力,种子结出的果实一定是最甜的。加油!向着职业漫画家前进!
我国现在的主流职业教育止步于专科,但倡导职业教育应该升格的声音却不绝于耳,其理由也是从需求来讲的:科技的进步导致职业岗位对技术需求的提升,职业教育升级是顺应了历史潮流。由于社会的进步,原来的劳动者要接受更多的教育才能胜任技术进步后的工作。最常被提到的一个例子就是关于汽车说明书的问题:原来的说明书只有几页,现在的说明书上百页,因此,工人必须接受更多的教育,因此,职业教育必须升级。
技术变革或技术进步对劳动力技能需求的影响存在争议,主要可分为三派观点:正向说(Johnston和Packer认为发达国家传统低技术含量的职业正逐步被高技能的服务行业所取代;负向说(Braver.man和Zimbalist认为资本主义经济发展的长期趋势是雇主为降低劳动力成本和维持对劳动力的控制,会降低对技能的要求;双向说(Spenner等认为技术对工作技能和教育需求有较大影响,有的工作对技能要求提高,有的则相反。目前还没有足够数据来解决这种分歧。因此,主流研究连技术进步会提升对劳动力技能的要求这一命题都证明不了,更何谈对高等职业教育需求的提升。
三种观点所考察的地区、时段、行业不尽相同,由此得出有出入的结论也不足为奇。虽然存在分歧,但从逻辑上可以证明,从长期趋势来看,多数工作对多数劳动力的技能需求不会是急剧上升的,即技能需求总量不会上升(技能需求总量:∑某岗位所要求技能的难度×岗位需求职位数。否则,随着社会历史的发展,总有一天,人类根本走不出学校,毕不了业。工作的复杂程度高,意味着对担任此工作的员工的技能难度的要求高,学历要求也高,当然也意味着较高的人力资源成本。从行业发展的一般规律来看,新兴行业在一开始出现大量复杂程度高的工作,因此对高技能人力资源的大量暂时性需求是可能的,但这种情况在市场经济条件下不可能长期持续,因为一旦该产业或企业进入快速发展期或成熟期,激烈的竞争会要求越来越严格的成本控制和质量控制。高技能人才意味着高薪酬,而要严格控制成本以应对竞争,就注定这些人只能成为关键的少数。有一个例子可以说明这个问题:一家销售额达几十亿美元的公司,在遍布美国的40多家工厂中都分别设有一个总会计师,每位总会计师有3~6个监督人员向他汇报,并管理25~50个职员。这些总会计师的年薪仅为3万美元,因为他们只受过高中教育,而且并非聪明过人,若要雇用取得过大学文凭、硕士文凭和注册会计师证书的有人员的话,支付的年薪需要6.5万美元或更多。为什么能把高中生放在这么高级别的岗位上?因为公司已经把总会计师的全部决策几乎都高度程序化了,公司制定了一份4000页的会计手册,并不断进行更新,它能告诉每一位总会计师他所能遇到的绝大多数问题应该如何处理。这样,总会计师要做的就是“照章办事”。如果问题和处理问题的程序在手册里找不到,总会计师就会向总部请示,由总部指导他该怎么做,总部在收到有关问题的请示一个月后,会将会计手册再次更新。在成本压力下,选用低成本的低学历员工是企业都会选择的压缩成本的有效路径。另外,让投人人员的技能达到高水平以达到保证产品质量的目的是不现实的,只能由装备来替代人工,这是高水平、稳定的质量控制的必要条件。不把质量控制的希望寄托在员工的技能水平上是质量管理的通识。质量控制的驱动也会导致对员工(也包括高技能员工的需求越来越少的趋势。可见,技术进步是长期趋势,但并不会导致技能需求总量的上升。能观察到的现象是对关键的少数岗位的要求提高,对大多数岗位则降低了要求,甚至连岗位都取消了。因此,为关键的少数而升格是否必要?
即使是对于这些关键的少数,其教育与培训也大可由普通高等教育来完成。普通高等教育的毕业生也是在职场中生存的,他们中的很多人还成为中坚力量,或者说职场中的中坚力量多是普通高等教育培养出来的。这足以说明即使是职业化特征十分明显的需要高等教育学历的岗位也不见得非要高等职业教育的毕业生。因此,对职场需要的高层次人才,既可以由普通高等教育培养,也可以由高等职业教育培养。因此,是由职业教育高等化还是由普通高等教育来满足这一需求,这是不言而喻的。
我国处于产业升级阶段,大量低端产业需要转移,高端产业要兴起,对劳动力的技能、学历等要求一定会提高,这毋庸置疑。但中国作为一个大国,低端产业转移出去,高端产业建立起来,产业升级是需要过程的,特别是中国还有上亿的农村劳动力要转移进城,职业教育整体升级就意味着我们已经完成了产业升级,那么初级职业教育与培训是不需要的吗?所以,职业教育的整体升级在目前是不需要的。另外,产业升级意味着职业教育与培训内容的改变,培训的绝对难度也许是增加的,但相对难度却不见得增加,甚至是降低的。所谓相对难度是相对于当时当地人的认知能力而言的,古人也许穷其一生也理解不了地球是圆的,是自转、公转,这些知识对现在的孩子来说都没什么难度,这说明绝对难度没变,而相对难度则大大降低。因此,产业升级带动职业教育与培训升级的逻辑是不能令人信服的。
技术进步说既不能说明技术进步会导致对劳动力需求技能的提升,也无法证明即使存在这种要求的提升会必然导致对所需教育培训的高等化,因此,技术进步说对职教升级、高等化的论证不充分。
the winter holidaicoming.thiwinter inot too cold and i like winter with white snow.so i have a new plan.i am going to visit beijing with mparentbtrain next week.first i am going to visit the great wall.then i am going to visit beihai park.i like boating vermuch,so i will boat there.and the main thing i want to do ito visit tian’anmen square.
i must watch china’flag rising in the morning.during mtravel,i will take lotof wonderful pictures.i am surei will have a good time in beijing.and after i come back from there,i will tell about it and show the pictureto all mfriends.
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