合理管理手机英语作文【一】
organizations
who are managers
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do we define who managers are
we have first-line managers, the lowest level of management ,manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers. First-line managers often have the title of supervisor, but they may also called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson. middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional manager, project leader, plant manager, or division manager. At or near the upper levels of the organizational structure are the top managers, who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
what is management
management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.
Effectiveness is often described as doing things right, that is, not wasting resources.
what do managers do
management researchers have, after many years of study, developed three specific categorization schemes to describe what managers do: functions, roles, and skills. management functions
Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
organizing: managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.
Leading: managers motivate subordinate, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues.
controlling: managers have to monitor, compare and correct everything that is deviating. management roles
The term management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.
Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison.
Informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
management skills
Technical skills are the job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. These skills tend to be more important for lower-level managers because they typically are managing employees who are suing tools and techniques to produce the organization’s products or service the organization’s customers.
Human skills involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. Because managers deal directly with people, these skills are essential and equally important at all levels of management.
conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.
How the manager’s job is changing
what is an organization
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Becoming a manager
1． Keep up with current business news.
2． Read books about good and bad examples of managing.
3． Remember that one of the things good managers do is discover what is unique about each
person and capitalize on it.
4． Keep in mind the simple advice of the late Peter Drucker, who has been called the most
influential management thinker of the twentieth century: management is about people.
5． work on your soft skills—work ethic, communications, information gathering, and people
skills. These are what employers cite as the most important factors for getting jobs.
6． observe managers and how they handle people and situations.
7． Talk actual managers about their experiences—good and bad.
8． Get experience in managing by taking on leadership roles in student organizations.
9． Start thinking about whether you’d enjoy being a manager.
合理管理手机英语作文【二】
这是一个终身学习的时代，知识是人类最重要的资产。有效的知识管理对于教育的整体发展与全面革新具有积极意义。受之以鱼不如授之以渔，通过英语学习策略的知识管理，可以优化语言学习的过程和效果，有利于提高学生的自主学习能力，把他们培养成为终身学习者。
合理管理手机英语作文【三】
语言学习策略指“学习者为了使语言学习取得更好的效果而采取的各种策略，它既包括学习者为了更好地完成某个学习活动或学习任务而采取的微观策略，也包括学习者对自己的学习目标、学习过程、学习结果进行计划、调控、评估等而采取的宏观策略。一个成功的语言学习者常能根据任务的需要综合使用各种策略。使用有效的外语学习策略，不仅可以改进外语学习方式，促进语言技能的发展，还可以使学习者在语言学习中扮演更积极的角色，提高教学质量。
可见，学习者的学习策略知识对语言学习有积极的反拨效应，可以提高学生的语言水平英语教师如果能引导学生学会调整和运用英语学习策略，使他们用良好的学习策略来控制自己的学习方法和过程，就能大大提高英语学习的效率，更能帮助他们学会学习，习得终身学习的能力。但是，英语学习策略属于隐性知识，如何才能使学生了解、掌握和运用它们呢？知识管理为这一问题的解决提供了契机。
合理管理手机英语作文【四】
其实看着美国各个大城市，包括洛杉矶、纽约、费城等警察局做假证、诬陷黑人;检察官，法官还都一起附和演戏，引发了我深深的思考，为什么在许多人眼里美国的司法体制仍旧是世界上最好的?但是随着阅读的进行，美国司法系统在审判中的表现，又肯定了我的这种想法。至少肖德维茨的书中，向我们展示了被告陪审团的 “公正”。该书中有一个论点我很支持，肖德维茨说，陪审团面对同样的事实做出不一样的判决并不是对于案件当事人的种族等等有着偏见，而是因为其的生长环境，种族背景使其在面对一样的证据时，会有不同的想法，更甚者，黑人比白人陪审员更加的仁慈，更相信被告无罪。这样的解释，相比于种族歧视更容易被社会大众认可，正如法理学老师所说的，一个人的生长环境不同，，就会导致其前见不同，那么看问题得出的结论必然也是不同的。
书中提到了一个英国的律师Henry Brougham在1820年时候曾说：“一个辩护律师，对当事人富有神圣的职责，他在这个世界上只能认得一个人，就是受到官署控告的当事人，别无其他，要用各种必要的手段来救当事人，保护那个当事人免于必须负担任何其他人的风险或损失，也不使任何人侵害他，这是最高且毫无疑问的职责，他必须无视于对任何人可能造成的一切不安、痛苦、折磨和伤害，必须把爱国的职责跟作为一个辩护人的职责区分清楚，并且将前者揉碎，让它随风而逝，如果有必要的话。他必须无视于任何结果地去做，如果他的命运如此不幸让他的国家跟他的当事人陷于利益冲突的话。”
我国《律师法》第23条规定：“律师应当保守在执业活动中知悉的'国家秘密和当事人的商业秘密，不得泄露当事人的隐私。”随后于2004年颁布的《律师执业行为规范(试行》对此进行了细化，其第56条规定：“律师事务所、律师及其辅助人员不得泄露委托人的商业秘密、隐私，以及通过办理委托人的法律事务所了解的委托人的其他信息。但是律师认为保密可能会导致无法及时阻止发生人身伤亡等严重犯罪及可能导致国家利益受到严重损害的除外。”
比较而二者的关系不难发现，我国的法律在保护当事人利益的基础上始终把国家利益置于个人利益至上，这在一定程度上是不尽合理的。当事人基于对于律师辩护人的信赖，将事实告知律师辩护人，无论律师辩护人基于何种理由将其所知的内容泄露，都是对当事人信赖的一种背叛，对于我国的司法进程是极其不利的。
以上的一段话还我联想到了新的刑事诉讼法修正草案中第68条证人拒证特权，证人的拒证特权是一种基于被告与证人特殊的身份关系而享有的拒绝作证的权利，与这里辩护律师的权利有异曲同工之妙。辩护律师作为被告的辩护人，基于其特殊的身份，其对于案件的真实性有着更深的了解，这是基于被告对辩护律师特殊的信赖而产生的。因此，辩护律师当然有权拒绝作证以保护被告的利益。
对于金钱能否买来无罪的观点，我十分同意作者的话，事实上，金钱对于开释辛普森无罪，正如其去医院看病一样，我们可以忍受富人比穷人拥有更好的医疗资源，为什么不能容忍其有更好的辩护资源呢?同理，再多钱也无法挽救一个绝症犯人的病情，再多的钱如果案件的证据简单明了毫无争议，那么辛普森也无法无罪开释。只要辩护团用合法的手段为辛普森打赢了官司，.就不应该被责难。辛普森所花的钱只是请来了最好的鉴定专家，推翻了警方的证据而已。试想如果警方的证据足够的充分和真实，辩方又怎么会给这个机会呢?但是读到这里我依然有疑问，作者一再强调其在该案件中的收费是比较少的，因为美国法律有规定，那么美国的大律师一个个荷包满满的原因究竟是为什么?
整本书通读下来，使我最感兴趣也是我觉得最有研究意义的就是“陪审团的怀疑是否合理”这一章。接下来，我将着重对“合理的怀疑”进行论述。
什么是合理的怀疑?
在辛普森一案中，伊藤法官是如此定义合理的怀疑：这不仅只是可能的怀疑，因为任何与人相关的事物都存在某种可能或者想象的怀疑。合理的怀疑是指整个论控，在经过对所有证据全盘的比较与考量之后，陪审团心理仍然觉得没办法一直全然确信检方所论控的事实。
为了对合理的怀疑有更深的理解，我对美国刑事诉讼中的排除合理怀疑制度进行了进一步的了解。在美国司法制度中通常使用四个基本标准即优势证据(preponderance of the evidence、清晰且有力的证据(clearand convincing evidence、不含糊且有力的证据(unequivocal andconvincing evidence和排除合理怀疑标准(proof of beyond areasonable doubt。由于刑事案件极其严重的制裁结果因此其证明标准历来被认为是所有案件中最高的，即要达到排除合理怀疑的标准。但是对于合理怀疑的理解，由于过于“简单”，因此当各个陪审员面对这个标准时，合理怀疑显得是一个仁者见仁智者见智的问题。一些法院认为，在保障被告人获得公正审理的正当权利方面，合理怀疑标准显得极为重要，但是由于合理怀疑这一词汇不是那么普通、简单和清晰，即使是受过法律训练的法官也经常错误地描述合理的怀疑，因此需要对其进行必要的解释和把握。但是有一些人的观点却恰恰相左，他们觉得合理的怀疑是一个在陪审员心理不言自明的概念，将其文字化的明确反而使其更加的模糊。
在不同的案件中，法院对于合理怀疑的定义也是不同的。在People V. Feldman一案中，法院认为：基于同情、幻想、成见、空想、多愁善感而产生的怀疑不是合理怀疑，基于陪审员因软弱无能和胆小而逃避给他人定较重的罪行所致的不情愿也不是合理怀疑。这是从反向的角度的定义合理怀疑。在United States V. Savuil一案中，法院认为合理怀疑是基于理性和常理的怀疑，即这种怀疑将使一个理性的人在是否定罪上犹豫不决。这是从正面的角度来定义合理的怀疑。直到今日有关合理怀疑的标准问题的争论还是没有平息。
合理管理手机英语作文【五】
If I ruled the world, I would do some changes that will make the world become better. I would publicize concept of peace, and try to reduce wars. I would also try my best to reduce taxation, help poor people with their producion and make business revive. I would change education too, because it is said that the fature of a country depends on children of the country. In a way, the future of the world depends on children of the world. So I think, the education is a very important factor to make the world become better. I would reduce class-time, reduce homeworks and build many appliances for play on the playground. I would make the schools become a kind of place that kids can be happy there, and like there. I would definitely be a good leader. If somebedy gave me honor to rule the whole world, I wouldnt let him(her down. I would do anything I can do to make the world become more beautiful, more peaceful and warmer.
