针对作文判卷的运作方式,我们可以有针对性地调整写作策略,争取在作文上多拿10-15分。
策略一:书写认真、工整
判卷老师不会给一份阅读都很困难的作文打高分的.。
策略二:开篇入题,吸引眼球
判卷老师不可能仔细读你的全文,如果开篇不能扣题而且无新意,那你的作文很容易被扔进40分的那一堆里。
策略三:语言生动,切忌啰唆
纵观历年满分作文,没有一篇充斥口水话的,洗练是高考作文必须具备的。
策略四:多准备素材
这不是写作的好方法,高考拿分却很有效。有专家也曾批评过现在的语文教师违心教学,称他们鼓励考生大量使用名人,并用猜题的方式给学生指导作文。但不可否认的是,这么做很合多数阅卷老师的口味,至少现在如此。
策略五:不要写得呆板、模式化
高考作文阅卷的问题不是标准问题,而是中学语文教师在作文教学过程中“求稳求保险”,造成学生作文不敢“出格”,文风普遍四平八稳,八股味浓厚。这就导致了高考作文要么文艺腔十足,要么忧国忧民,显出一种和考生年龄不相符的文风。虽然这种文章前些年被大量当做示范文,但近年来明显风头已变。
策略六:用朴实的语句搭文章框架
文章脉络必须清晰,主架构不要太多修饰。别指望判卷老师有心情仔细揣摩大段拗口的“文学作品”。我们可以就一篇文章作这样的构思:
第1段150字左右:写出中心论点,首选单句形式,且是判断句或肯定句,绝对不用复句(复句容易走题,影响得分;点出写作的由头,作文题中含有的提示性文字材料,一定要有所涉及。
第2段200字左右:段首讲述分论点一,如第一节的内容是几个分论点的简单组合,则“分论点一”适宜放在段尾。这样和分论点二、分论点三的位置区别开来,使行文有变化。“分论点一”论证不许举例,采用纯分析的说理论据展开。
第3段200字左右:段首讲述分论点二,采用举例论证,首选作文题提示中的例子来分析论证,同时也可辅助一个自己举的例子,自己举的例子要比前例文字少。如没有作文题提示中的例子,则自己举个典型的例子来分析论证,同样要求叙写例子的文字一定要比分析论证的文字少。否则对文体特征会产生重创,影响得分。
第4段200字左右:段首讲述分论点三,采用联系实际举例,这是写作本文的时代意义所在。联系的实际可以是学习、生活、社会任何一个方面,目的是或提高思想认识,或明确是非正邪,或提出解决的方法途径,或揭示某种疑难迷惑,总之要给人以启发。
第5段150字左右:要再现中心论点,扣住中心论点写出作用、意义、号召、展望等。
策略七:学会把窄题变成宽题
作文教学研究专家王大绩先生更是认为“熟悉的生活的确可以适应所有命题”。他曾经举过这样一个例子:一位著名歌手,最擅长演唱《我的中国心》。我们当然可以为主持人设计一段串接台词,把他请上各种晚会的舞台上。
1.中华民族从来就不缺乏凝聚力,越是危急时刻,我们胸中那颗中国心跳动的节奏就越加铿锵有力。下面请听《我的中国心》。
2.佳节倍思家,天涯共此时。此时此地,我们的心跳动着同样的节拍,让我们同唱这一首心中的歌。
这一则漫画是一组巧妙的、富有深意的对比。先拿满分后拿98分的孩子先后收获了香吻和一个耳光,而先拿55分后拿61分的孩子则先后得了一个耳光和一个香吻。从这两个孩子的境遇上,我们看到了许多人有意无意抱有的一种心态:追求卓越、积极进取,否认失误和退步,哪怕这个“失误”仅仅两分。
努力进步当然是一件好事。正如漫画中的第二个孩子,他从不及格到达到及格,是一个值得肯定的质变和成就。攀登虽艰辛,而山顶上“一览众山小”的壮阔是徘徊在山脚下的人无法享受的。然而,从100分到98分就是应当受到指责的堕落吗?并不是。98分依然是一个令人艳羡的好成绩,98分和100分同属于优秀水准。从100分到55分才是应当警醒的堕落。
依然优秀的第一个孩子被对待的态度落差如此之大,连我亦不禁感到委屈。在竞争日益激烈的大背景下,许多人奉行苛求完美的极端精英教育,向往着“高处不胜寒”。从“虎妈狼爸”,再到“提高一分,横扫千人”的高考标语,人人的神经成了一张绷紧的弓,生怕遭受横飞而来的一记耳光。
可是,有一句亘古朴实的真理是“人无完人,金无足赤。”我们心心念念“直挂云帆济沧海”,却忘了挫折与起伏才是人生的常态。“长江后浪推前浪”的力量,就在这起伏之间。宽大的大海永不会如一潭碧湖般文弱恬静,清浅的水面可以保持平稳,但也失去了承载大舟的能量。
是的,起伏的波浪才是更具力量。没有后退,没有低谷,就没有前进的动力和空间,也就没有厚积薄发的震撼。就像生活在南极冰海的企鹅,想要跃到岸上,并不是在水面上拼命挣扎,而是猛地扎进深水,凭着一股冲劲儿再跃出水面,华丽地落在岸上。第二个孩子就像这只企鹅,在不及格的深潜后获得腾跃的力量。
而我们,当然应该给第一个孩子以鼓励和支持,不是必须得到满分才是优秀的孩子。他是潮起潮落的大海,是汹涌起伏能淹没一切的波浪。我也相信,他可以在这两分的差距中弥补自己的缺漏,下一次重得满分。
起伏的波浪更具力量,我相信在不完美中,才能更好地突破自己,在退步中,重获前行的勇气和动力。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a student of our university, who often spend my spare time in our library. Generally speaking, our library provides quite good service. However, I still have some suggestions for you to upgrade the quality of your service.
To begin with, I would like you to prolong the open time. In the daytime, most students are having classes. To continue, some books are too old/ are out of date. It would be better if you could replace them with updated materials.
I sincerely hope to have a comfortable library. And I would be highly grateful if you could take my suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look! As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of money to the local people.
However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life. The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists. It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony on Oct. 1st. The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment. Another problem is the traffic jam caused by so many tourists.
Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe problems. The local tourist authority should set up relative laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey the laws and help to make the places of tourist more beautiful!
(1 模版1
Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
(2模版2
In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
(3模版3
Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
The Role of Mobile Phone in People's Communication
The popularity of smartphones has exerted great influence on the way people communicate, so much so that an increasing number of individuals contend that face-to-face communication is being replaced by texts and images on the mobile phone.
There are more than one angle to consider this phenomenon. On one hand, it is pleasantly acknowledged that smartphones shorten the distance between families and friends. Even people from different sides of the globe can share pictures, feelings and thoughts through various types of apps on the phone, thus building a long-distance connection. On the other hand, as the picture warns us, too much smartphone addiction interferes with people's real-life communication. Statistics show that over 70 percent of face-to-face communication consists of facial expressions and body language, which is why people should stay away from mobile phones when they have the chance to actually talk and communicate with others.
In a word, mobile phones act as an appropriate platform where people can always stay in tough however long the distance is, but a wise man should know when to put down his phone.
四级英语很快就要到来了,英语是占据重要的部分,快来看看下面的范文及写作指导吧。
下面请看一篇漫画式命题的作文预测题:
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should express your views on the impact of air pollution. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【参考模板范文】
The Impact of Air Pollution
The cartoon vividly reveals the phenomenon of air pollution or the decline of air quality. In the cartoon we can see the air pollution is so serious that the earth can't bear it.
What exactly contribute to this phenomenon? Possible reasons can be listed as follows: firstly, vehicle exhaust gases could be one of the most leading causes. With the improvement of economy and people's living standard, urban inhabitants in mounting numbers own their private cars. More automobiles will inevitably generate more exhaust gases. Additionally, household appliances widely used in cities also release a great amount of carbon dioxide gases, which further intensifies air pollution. Last but not least, many factories around the cities emit large quantities of untreated poisonous gases, which should also be responsible for the decline of air quality.
Definitely, air pollution will exert a detrimental impact on many aspects of people's life. For example, many diseases such as cough, skin problem and lung cancer are caused by it. Perhaps it is high time that we should adopt some measures to solve the problem of air pollution.
英语漫画作文写作指导
第一、读图审题
四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理,要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此,要写好四级漫画作文,审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画,弄清漫画的寓意,这是文章切题的保证。此外,在本次四级考试的三道写作题中,Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向,这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面笔者就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。
第二、谋篇布局
在把握文章的主旨之后,考生就可以构思整篇文章的架构了。四级漫画作文的写作可以分为下面三个段落。
第一段:开门见山,简要描述一下漫画内容,并指出漫画的寓意。描述漫画内容是为了揭示其中的寓意,是手段而不是目的,所以描述要简洁明快,一般来说一句话足矣。需要提醒考生的是,写作的Directions部分虽然给出了大致的写作主题,但是也要求考生对漫画进行简要描述,因此考生切不可抛开漫画内容直接展开议论。
第二段:表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的重心所在。比如,就第一道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段阐述阅读文学作品的重要性;就第二道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述为什么凡事必须从小事做起;就第三道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述掌握基本技能的重要性。
第三段:指出漫画的寓意对大学生的教育意义,或者提出解决问题的建议。考生需要注意的是,结尾段一般并不需要实质性的分析,其主要作用是总结和升华,使文章结构完整。所以结尾段的写作要简明扼要,点到即止。
第三、论证方法
漫画作文的'第二段要表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的核心段落,也是作文字数达到要求的关键。因此,考生在这一段要浓墨重彩,写深、写透。在写这一段时,考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理,避免空泛的议论。针对这一核心段落,笔者在此推荐以下三种展开议论的常用方法,希望对考生有所启发。
1.条分缕析
在写作第二段时,考生可以从2~3个方面对观点展开论述,这种写法可使文章显得层次清楚、条理清晰。例如,本次四级作文第一道题目的第二段需要阐述阅读文学作品的重要性,考生就可以从以下两个方面展开:第一,相对于电子媒体,文学阅读更能培养人的想象力;第二,阅读文学作品能够帮助我们更好地了解社会。请参考下面的范文。
There wasa time when children could relish (欣赏/ 也可以使用appreciate 替换 literature. But childrentoday can enjoy the sounds and action on a TV or computer screen. “So why bother reading?” some ask. The reasonis obvious: It enriches our imagination. When we read apiece of literature, we are living the life of RobinHood or starting an adventure with Tom Sawyer. In addition, literature is the mirror of society,whether it be poetry, drama or fiction. We know thesociety better through literature.
2.举例论证
如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理,那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例,尽量避免空洞的说教。比如,就本次四级作文第二道题目而言,考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起,最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子,用以证明只有从小事做起,才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。
Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin, a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery, he went on to build an empire of fast food.
3.类比论证
如果漫画中的寓意不容易通过具体的事例来证明,那么考生还可以使用类比论证的方法,即通过打比方来论证一个抽象的道理。比如,对于本次四级作文的第三道题目,考生可以在第二段中用学习打篮球的过程来打比方。学习打篮球时,只有先学会了投球、运球、传球这些基本技能,才能进一步学习高难度的技能。以此类推,无论做任何事情,只有掌握了基本的技能,才可能取得更大的成功。此外,考生还可以举出统计数字,用具体的研究结果来证明论点。请看下面的范文。
Simple as they mayseem, basic skills serve as the first link in the chain of success. Thisis analogous to learning to play basketball. If shooting, dribbling and passing are not mastered,learning advanced skills will become difficult, if notimpossible. A growing body of research has also documented that such basicskills as reading, writing and computing are highlycorrelated with success later in life. A 2012 study surveyed 300 CEOs ofFortune 500 companies and found that 87% attributed part of their success tothe basic skills they learned in primary school.
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