人物的内心世界是很丰富的,心理描写就是要充分揭示出人物内心的喜、怒、哀、乐、爱慕、思念、苦闷、痛苦、怨恨、惊恐、嫉妒等等。常见的心理描写方式有内心独白、思忆联想、梦境幻觉等。
不是每篇文章都适合出现心理活动的,我们在写心理活动的时候应该注意:
一、应写特定的人物在特定的环境中才会产生的心理活动,记得《卖炭翁》中有一句,“可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒。”本来寒冷的冬天,卖炭翁纵然身上衣衫单薄,为了卖炭只能希望天更冷一些。
二、要努力写人物细微的感情波澜和复杂的心理变化过程。例如高尔基的《母亲》最后一章所写尼洛夫娜发现暗探时一刹那的动摇、害怕,以及内心冲突,直到坚定、沉着。
在通篇的作文中,出现一两句古诗词,不仅会是作文富有文学气息,还会给阅卷老师一个很好的的印象。
(想要把古诗词、句,活用,当然首先是清楚每一句古诗词的含义、背景。要做到这一点,就需要平时涉猎大量的古诗、古文。
注意:
1、应包括自己参加夏令营的。
2、参考词汇:
1)英语辅导报社:English Coaching Paper Office
2 1998年全国中学生英语夏令营:1998 National English Summer Camp for Middle School Students (1998 NESCMSS;
3 辩论:debate
4 演讲比赛:speech competition
5 主办:sponsor
6 英语通: An Express Way to English
3、不要逐句翻译提示,可增加适当有关细节,使文章连贯。
桂林山水
这样的山围绕着这样的水,这样的水倒映着这样的山,再加上空中云雾迷蒙,山间绿树红花,江上竹筏小舟,让你感到像是走进了连绵不断的画卷,真是“舟行碧波上,人在画中游”。
这段话不单是写景,而且是写景与抒情相结合,做到寓情于景,情景交融。作者这里热情地赞美了桂林山水的美,抒发了对祖国的山河的热爱之情。
题目:窗外
要求:自己选择一处窗口,写窗外的景物,要有顺序地写出固定特点、季节特点和动静变化,在写景中融入自己的感情。
写景的好词佳句:
天空
1、一片透明的蓝天,停留着一丝细丝而洁白的云块,像是绣在纱巾上的玉兰花。
2、老天有时像娃娃的脸,一日三变。这不,早晨还是晴空万里,到了下午就像跟谁赌了气似的阴沉下来,不大功夫就下起了瓢泼大雨,还夹着蚕豆大小的冰雹。
3、茫茫夜空,满天繁星像撒在碧玉盘里的珍珠。星星眨着眼睛,一会躲进云里,一会又钻出来,像在跟我捉迷藏。一轮明月挂在天空中,撒下皎洁的月光,河面上像披了一层白纱。
日
1、太阳慢慢地透过云霞,露出了早已涨得通红的脸庞,像一个害羞的小姑娘张望着大地。
2、太阳已靠近西山,漂浮在天空的云彩,正在改变着颜色,给大地穿上鲜艳的衣裙。东边天上,升起了一个月牙,它踮起脚跟,羡慕地望着太阳。这时候,夕阳的余辉撒在田野上,大地好像披上了金色的地毯。
3、突然,一个耀眼的红点,慢慢地,吃力地从地平线上跳出,一瞬间,半个太阳涌出地平线,好像半个光芒四射的火球在一个大盘子里跳动。太阳越升越高。把整个天空映得红彤彤的。
月
1、青黑色天空中的月亮,大如金盘,像娃娃的脸,稚气十足。
2、月亮好像一个变化无常的婴儿,时而绷着又胖又圆的小脸,像是生了气;时而弯着小嘴,乐呵呵地笑着。月亮又好像一个顽皮的孩子,常常躲进云姐姐那厚厚的衣袋里,好久不露面;有时却像害怕挨批评似的,离云姐姐远远的。
如:《搬家》
春风吹拂着道边的杨柳,温暖的阳光照在宽阔的柏油马路上。一辆载着家具的大卡车,和着它装载家具的轻微碰撞声向新居驶去。
1998 National English Summer Camp for Middle School Students
As a lucky student, I attended the 1998 NESCMSS held in the beautiful seaside city of Yantai from July 25 to 30, which was sponsored by the English Coaching Paper Office. Over 100 students all over the country and 30 English teaching experts from home and abroad took part in the activity. All the campers were required to speak English. During the four days, a series of English activities were held including the Second National English Debate for Middle School Students and the Third National English Speech Competition for Middle School Students. We also visited some places of interest. A colourful English evening was held on July 29. The camp provided us with a valuable opportunity to speak English, make friends and exchange learning experience. I found my English much improved at the end of the camp. Never in my life shall I forget the impressive days in Yantai.
In the cartoon we can see a large person being measured by a tailor to get suitable clothes made. Anything to be done must be measured in advance so that we are able to find a proper way to do it. If the tailor does not take measurements of the man, then he would not be able to make suitable clothes for this person.
This same principle applies to solving any other problem. Firstly, when we want to know the reality of something, we must describe it like it is, getting rid of our prejudices and exaggerations, so that we can have an unbiased view. Secondly, the object should be analyzed in a concrete way so that we can grasp the reasons and rules of it. Thirdly, we must adapt our approach to solving a problem, for each situation is different from the others. So we must view a problem from different perspectives.
The cartoon implies different meanings to different people. A teacher should adopt different teaching methods according to the students in the class; a doctor should prescribe different treatments according to the patient's symptoms; a farmer should seed different plants according to the various conditions of the earth. From a philosophical point of view, dissimilarproblems should be approached differently. Good results come from attentive analysis of a problem.
英语漫画作文写作指导
第一、读图审题
四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理,要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此,要写好四级漫画作文,审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画,弄清漫画的寓意,这是文章切题的保证。此外,在本次四级考试的三道写作题中,Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向,这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面笔者就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。
第二、谋篇布局
在把握文章的主旨之后,考生就可以构思整篇文章的架构了。四级漫画作文的写作可以分为下面三个段落。
第一段:开门见山,简要描述一下漫画内容,并指出漫画的寓意。描述漫画内容是为了揭示其中的寓意,是手段而不是目的,所以描述要简洁明快,一般来说一句话足矣。需要提醒考生的是,写作的Directions部分虽然给出了大致的写作主题,但是也要求考生对漫画进行简要描述,因此考生切不可抛开漫画内容直接展开议论。
第二段:表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的重心所在。比如,就第一道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段阐述阅读文学作品的重要性;就第二道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述为什么凡事必须从小事做起;就第三道写作题目而言,考生应在第二段论述掌握基本技能的重要性。
第三段:指出漫画的寓意对大学生的教育意义,或者提出解决问题的建议。考生需要注意的是,结尾段一般并不需要实质性的分析,其主要作用是总结和升华,使文章结构完整。所以结尾段的写作要简明扼要,点到即止。
第三、论证方法
漫画作文的第二段要表达考生对漫画寓意的看法,这是文章的核心段落,也是作文字数达到要求的关键。因此,考生在这一段要浓墨重彩,写深、写透。在写这一段时,考生要尽量摆事实、讲道理,避免空泛的议论。针对这一核心段落,笔者在此推荐以下三种展开议论的常用方法,希望对考生有所启发。
1.条分缕析
在写作第二段时,考生可以从2~3个方面对观点展开论述,这种写法可使文章显得层次清楚、条理清晰。例如,本次四级作文第一道题目的第二段需要阐述阅读文学作品的重要性,考生就可以从以下两个方面展开:第一,相对于电子媒体,文学阅读更能培养人的想象力;第二,阅读文学作品能够帮助我们更好地了解社会。请参考下面的'范文。
There wasa time when children could relish (欣赏/ 也可以使用appreciate 替换 literature. But childrentoday can enjoy the sounds and action on a TV or computer screen. “So why bother reading?” some ask. The reasonis obvious: It enriches our imagination. When we read apiece of literature, we are living the life of RobinHood or starting an adventure with Tom Sawyer. In addition, literature is the mirror of society,whether it be poetry, drama or fiction. We know thesociety better through literature.
2.举例论证
如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理,那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例,尽量避免空洞的说教。比如,就本次四级作文第二道题目而言,考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起,最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子,用以证明只有从小事做起,才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。
Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin, a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery, he went on to build an empire of fast food.
3.类比论证
如果漫画中的寓意不容易通过具体的事例来证明,那么考生还可以使用类比论证的方法,即通过打比方来论证一个抽象的道理。比如,对于本次四级作文的第三道题目,考生可以在第二段中用学习打篮球的过程来打比方。学习打篮球时,只有先学会了投球、运球、传球这些基本技能,才能进一步学习高难度的技能。以此类推,无论做任何事情,只有掌握了基本的技能,才可能取得更大的成功。此外,考生还可以举出统计数字,用具体的研究结果来证明论点。请看下面的范文。
Simple as they mayseem, basic skills serve as the first link in the chain of success. Thisis analogous to learning to play basketball. If shooting, dribbling and passing are not mastered,learning advanced skills will become difficult, if notimpossible. A growing body of research has also documented that such basicskills as reading, writing and computing are highlycorrelated with success later in life. A 2012 study surveyed 300 CEOs ofFortune 500 companies and found that 87% attributed part of their success tothe basic skills they learned in primary school.
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