i read the book written by luxun .it is called zhaohuaxishi. it includes 10 short articles about the writers stories .they are based on his own experience , when i read this book ,i feel very happy to see luxuns childhood. it was diffrent from ours,so we may find it intersting and exciting. luxuns langange is very great but maybe difficult to understand . but through his words ,we can find his happiness in his heart .
笔者曾借助“营养”“维生素”“蔬菜”“荤菜”“肥胖”“挑食”“零食”“蔬菜”“水果”“饮料”“白开水”等概念,调查了300名3~6岁幼儿有关饮食营养概念的认知状况,结果发现,幼儿主要是根据事物可直接感知的外部特征来理解这些概念的。例如,对于“维生素”“蔬菜”“荤菜”“水果”“饮料”等集合概念,幼儿会以举例方式来表达自己的理解,而很少会依据集合的属性来定义这些概念。调查还发现,大、中、小班幼儿的概念定义水平存在显著的年龄差异;45%的幼儿不知道什么是“荤菜”;74%的幼儿能解释为什么不能挑食,73%的幼儿能解释为什么不能多吃零食,75.35%的幼儿能解释为什么不能多喝饮料,且这些幼儿大多是从挑食或吃零食、喝饮料的不良后果角度来解释原因的。〔3〕可见,大多数幼儿是依据具体举例、可直接感知的具体情境或外部特征来理解饮食营养概念的,而不是从概念的内在属性来认知的;大多数幼儿能认识到不良饮食行为对身体健康的害处,且大、中班幼儿对不良饮食行为后果的认识更加清晰。或许我们可以得出这样的结论:3~6岁幼儿已经初步掌握了一些饮食营养概念,已经懂得一些最基本的饮食营养知识,能够基本满足幼儿养成健康饮食习惯的认知需求。
笔者又通过对幼儿在幼儿园和在家的进餐行为的观察,发现幼儿的进餐行为具有以下特点:(1)因为缺少最基本的饮食营养概念认知,所以幼儿的健康饮食习惯很难建立。例如,幼儿经常会询问:“这个能不能吃?”“这是什么?是蛇(指鳝鱼)吗?”“海虾是鱼吗?”“为什么要吃这个?”如果幼儿的求知欲得不到及时满足,或相关担忧得不到及时解决,那会直接影响幼儿的进餐兴趣和进餐速度等。(2)在具有大致相同的饮食营养概念认知的前提下,幼儿的进餐表现仍存在较大差异。例如,虽然大多数幼儿都知道挑食对健康有不良影响,但是有的幼儿几乎不挑食,有的幼儿有时候挑食,有的幼儿却很挑食。(3)幼儿的进餐行为与其他生活行为的倾向趋向一致,已有的饮食营养概念认知不起决定作用。例如,平时做事磨蹭、注意力不够集中的幼儿进餐时也容易出现发呆或边进食边说笑等情况,进而影响了进餐速度。(4)幼儿喜欢吃的往往是诸如鸡腿、鸡翅、盐水鸭、大虾、红烧带鱼等口味较重的`荤菜和一些形象有趣可爱的面点。(5)幼儿不喜欢某样食物的理由多种多样。例如,幼儿不喜欢吃青菜是因为“塞牙齿”“难嚼”,不喜欢吃胡萝卜、芹菜是因为这些食物有特殊的气味,不喜欢吃苋菜是因为菜叶颜色太红,不喜欢吃螃蟹是因为害怕螃蟹张牙舞爪的形象,等等。(6)幼儿在具备一定的饮食营养概念认知却又食欲不佳的情况下,往往会以不咀嚼、不吞咽、玩弄食物、不断从锅里或大碗里盛菜到小碗里做游戏等来消极抵制进餐。笔者认为,幼儿的不良进餐习惯既受幼儿园的影响,也受家庭的影响。例如,幼儿园中、小班往往把孩子的饭菜放在一个碗里,大多数情况下都是米饭被盖在菜肴的下面,幼儿不得不先吃菜再吃饭,不能饭菜交替吃。这样的进餐习惯一旦养成,幼儿很可能在家里也是“前面吃菜,后面吃饭”,结果因为菜特别是荤菜吃得过多,主食吃不下去了。又如,许多家长尤其是祖辈家长习惯包办代替,时常主动喂孩子吃饭,结果导致孩子进餐独立性不够,在幼儿园进餐时速度很慢。有的家长为了让孩子多吃几口,时常会在孩子进餐时絮絮叨叨,想方设法甚至“不择手段”地哄孩子多吃。这时候家长向孩子灌输的营养知识往往带有误导倾向,进而容易导致孩子养成不良进餐习惯。
Children's finally here, it is our holiday, but imagine the children also accompanied by together, everybody is more excited.
Children on this day, white clouds float over the blue sky, the children also have made a hot air balloon, they sit together on yourself a hot-air balloon, extremely happy! Balloon flying high, and finally flew to the sky, the children are in the sky holiday, the children sit on clouds, umpa jump, like a frisky little monkey.
Playing children, suddenly to rain cats and dogs, the children of the balloon has stalled, baiyun sister swept away by the wind, the children fell into despair. Is a time of crisis, a group of dragonflies sister and sister flew caught the children, and the safety of the children to the ground.
On the ground, only butterflies woven into a rainbow "lei", the children wear a wreath, some like a fairy, some like a warrior.
Play tired, the children fell asleep between full of fragrance of flowers.
Children's good play my imagination, to one day be able to live in such a children's day.
Jane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character, a small, plain-faced, intelligent and honest English orphan. The novel goes through five distinct stages: Jane's childhood at Gateshead, where she is abused by her aunt and cousins; her education at Lowood School, where she acquires friends and role models but also suffers privations; her time as the governess of Thornfield Manor, where she falls in love with her Byronic employer, Edward Rochester; her time with the Rivers family at Marsh's End (or Moor House and Morton, where her cold clergyman-cousin St John Rivers proposes to her; and her reunion with and marriage to her beloved Rochester at his house of Ferndean. Partly autobiographical, the novel abounds with social criticism and sinister gothic elements.
这是一个特别的日子,我们庙山长城学校举行了第一届田径运动会,同学们都兴高采烈地等待着运动会开幕。
我们班是本次运动会的鲜花队,一大清早,大家便都穿着白色T恤,尽管很冷,但这绝不会磨灭我们兴奋的心情。我们从入口开始绕操场走了一圈,一路上,我们心情十分激动。
这次运动会最令我难忘的是我的跳远项目。那天上午我观看了一个又一个激动人心的比赛。我们班小芬同学参加长跑项目连连得名次,并且可以参加决赛。大家在为她加油时,她奋力地奔跑在跑道上,真不容易!等小芬胜利归来时,一个个赞扬的目光向她投去,一句句鼓励的话语传去,我在心中默默幻想:下午我就要跳远了,真希望到时候也能像小芬同学一样……
可是……
到了下午,因为某些特殊缘故,我向老师推掉了比赛项目。其实,我真的好想为班级争光的,我也想在赛场上赛出自己啊,可是,唉!
老师找了小琴同学顶替我。她跳远的时候,我在旁边观看。小琴同学一展自己的风采,跳了很远。当时,我心中既高兴又惭愧。高兴的是她为我们班夺得了一份荣誉;惭愧的是我连比赛都无法参加,更别谈为班级加分了,况且,就算是参加了,我也赛不出像小琴同学那样的好成绩。总之,我越想越自责。
坐在喧闹的观众席中,羡慕着她们优秀的体育成绩。为什么我的体育那么差呢?为什么我就不能像她们一样在运动场上超越他人呢?可是,我又忽的想到自己在学习方面的优势。语文的和阅读理解能力很强,上次的语文竞赛我还是全班第一呢!英语,我的发音很标准,平时也不错……或许是给自己一个借口安慰一下吧!但是,我知道了,人各有所长嘛!有句话说得好:“尺有所长,寸有所短。”
运动会上的一件小事,又让我明白了一个道理。这次运动会,收获真不少啊!
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