1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
Study is our student's personality.But many students will ask, why we must learn knowledge. Is knowledge so important to us?If we don't need to pass the exam, should we still need the knowledge?
As I am concerned, study is not only a personality of students, but also a personality of all people throughout their lives.People need to learn the knowledge whoever they are.If people don't learn knowledge, there will have no way to do things and become ignorant about world.Can you imagine a world that no people have knowledge?Leaving knowledge,the world would no get progress.If people don't learn knowledge, there will be no people to know how to use the computer ,how to write the news, even how to communicate with others.
So learning knowledge is a very important thing, it consists of our world.
接到幼儿园的短信邀请,下午和小朋友一起庆祝幼儿园举行的六一儿童节活动。早上儿子走时再三交待:"妈妈,今天我们幼儿园有活动,一定要来,别忘了带上相机啊!"呵呵,小家伙知道臭美了。
下午三点整,赶到育新幼儿园,好多家长已经到了,今天幼儿园举行的是小朋友的游园活动。园子里已经划成多个场地由各个班的老师忙碌的摆放着各种玩具,园子周围挂着各个班孩子气们的绘画作品。我慌忙找到大一班在最上面一个醒目的位置找到了儿子的《葫芦娃》,不由得对这副画有些意外。这几天小家伙天天在家练习画葫芦娃,还特地找他姐姐请教怎么画漂亮些,可是没有一张像今天这个漂亮。这时大一班已经下来了,我赶忙过去,孩子们已经找到一个活动区开始玩玩具了。我看儿子正在拿着一个小盘子,上面画着一个小动物的头,他一会用夹子做成一个大老虎,一会又做成一个小山羊,还不忘臭美的摆个poss,让我给他拍张照。孩子们在张老师的带领下有序的游完了各个活动区,小家伙也由原来的胆小、腼腆的小男孩如今长成了自信,活泼、开朗的大男孩,这份进步离不开我们育新幼儿园老师的精心培育和三位老师的辛勤汗水。
三位老师感谢你们给予孩子们这么多的关爱与鼓励,感谢你们对孩子的用心栽培。各位老师,你们辛苦了,无尽感恩,也祝福你们每天都有快乐心情。
如果我拿这个题目去随便问一名成功的商人,我想他们的答案都只会有一个,那就是——无价,因为每一位成功的商人,虽然现在看这他们是风风光光的,可是,他们背后付出了多少的努力和汗水才能有今天的成就。当然,他们的成功不仅仅是努力和汗水,还有一样必不可少的成分,那就是——诚信。
就如蒙牛奶业的总裁牛根生来说吧。1978年,20岁的`牛根生来到内蒙古最大的乳品公司伊利,从一名洗瓶工一直做到二把手,1992年担任内蒙古伊利集团生产经营副总裁;1998年底被内蒙古伊利集团免去生产经营副总裁一职;1999年至今创办内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股分有限公司并担任董事长兼总裁职务;过后,牛根生并没有感到沮丧,他决定重操旧业,经过他不屑的努力,在重重围剿中***出一条血路,1999年至今创办内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股分有限公司并担任董事长兼总裁职务。
在蒙牛公司刚刚起步的时候,他们重金打造了第一批属于他们的牛奶,,刚开始当这些牛奶一瓶瓶销售出去以后,他们才发现他们生产的这批牛奶有问题,为了不让顾客们受到任何损失。他们不惜牺牲上百万的资金把所有的牛奶全部都收回来,然后,在对购买物品的顾客登门赔罪,正是因为有了这种诚信,才会有今天的成就。
我记得牛根生说过这样一句话:我妈妈教我的两句话让我终生难忘:要想知道,打个颠倒;吃亏是福,占便宜是祸。小胜凭智,大胜靠德。是啊,这两句话至今也影响我很深,而如今谁还会把诚信看得如此之重呢?所以,从现在的我们做起,诚实守信,为以后更美好的祖国做贡献。
看完以后,大家说,诚信究竟值多少呢?
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we havehad about whether an entrance
fee should be charged for parks.
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.
With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?
Yours truly,
Li Hua
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