问候语要写在称呼的下一行,空两格。它可以独立成为一段。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
写完信之后,在信的右下角写上发信人的姓名叫做署名。在署名的前面一般还要加上合适的称谓,如“同学”、“好友”,“弟”“妹”等。
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
亲爱的爸爸、妈妈:
您们好!
人们都说:“家是温馨的港湾,家是幸福的摇篮,家还是遮风挡雨的避风港。”我们一家三口就生活在这幸福的港湾里。
爸爸、妈妈,这么多年来,这个家记录了我们生活中的点点滴滴,这个家也经历了风风雨雨,品尝了生活的酸甜苦辣,感受了人间的喜怒哀乐。有许多感人的事情从我们身旁走过,有许多暖流向我们心田流入。在这个幸福的港湾里有充满欢乐的时光,也有令人难以忘怀的伤感。
记得我九岁那年春天的一个寂静的夜晚,在这个温馨的港湾里发生的那一幕,那一夜给我留下太多的伤感。妈妈,您还记得吗?那晚您单位有应酬,夜已深了您还没有回来,爸爸心急火燎,既当心又生气,在屋子里走来走去,看到爸爸您那焦急万分的样子,我更是忐忑不安。“叮铃铃”,一阵电话声响起,顿时打破了夜晚的寂静,爸爸迫不及待的拿起电话,提高嗓门对妈妈谩骂了一阵,抛下“你再不回来你就不要回来了”的警告,“砰”的一声把电话挂了。
我被爸爸这一突然的举动惊呆了,不知过了多久才恍过神来,只见爸爸您坐立不安,我更是心急如焚,心里在呼唤:“妈妈您快回来吧,快回来吧……”,这时妈妈您又来了一个电话,爸爸您用不容分说的口吻说道:“这么多年了,你怎么那么多的应酬,我都不耐烦,咱们索性好合好散。”接着又是“砰”的一声把电话挂了。
此情此景我的心像打破五味瓶似的,感觉特别不是滋味,本来心就像十五个吊桶——七上八下,我的心既像被火烤过,又像被凉水冲过,眼泪像断了线的珍珠一样簌簌的直流。生龙活虎的我,一下变得无精打采。爸爸、妈妈您们一定不知道我是怎样度过了这个彻夜难眠的夜。
这件事给我那幼小的心灵蒙上了一层阴影,使我幼小的心灵受到了创伤。我多么喝望一个“创可贴”,抚慰我心中的伤口,而这创可贴要来自您们――爸爸、妈妈的爱和家的温暖。
俗话说的好“夫妻床头吵架床尾合”、“天上下雨地上流,夫妻吵架不记仇”。几天后您们和好了,我当时有多高兴,您们知道吗?一个非正式的家庭会议召开了,知道礼亏的妈妈您先开了口“我们经历了那么多的磨难,这个美好的家是我们共同创造出的,我们不要舍弃?爸爸也愧疚地说:“我也是太急,不该说那有伤感情的话。”听了您们的一番话我心里像吃了蜜似的,这一夜我睡得可香不做了一个美梦。
有人说:“夫妻吵架殃及孩子。”爸爸妈妈您们一定是知道的,我深深知道生活中您们有时还是有不同意见的,但您们为了这个家都能将矛盾化解,打那以后再也没有看到您们吵架了。我们却更加珍惜这个家的点点滴滴,用爱呵护这个家,让我们彼此都感受到家的温暖。
亲爱的爸爸,妈妈,我们共同来珍惜这个家吧!不要让痛苦成为回忆,不要让我们的家太孤单,因这我爱我家,我更爱爸爸妈妈!这些话已憋在我心中多时,心里堵得慌,今天一吐为快。
祝:爸妈身体健康!
您们的女儿:XX
①称呼:顶格,有的还可以加上一定的限定、修饰词,如亲爱的等。
②问候语:如写“你好”、“近来身体是否安康”等,可以接正文。(不过很少。)
③正文。这是信的主体,可以分为若干段来书写。
④祝颂语。以最一般的“此致”、“敬礼”为例。“此致”可以有两种正确的位置来进行书写,一是紧接着主体正文之后,不另起段,不加标点;二是在正文之下另起一行空两格书写。“敬礼”写在“此致”的下一行,顶格书写。后应该加上一个惊叹号,以表示祝颂的诚意和强度。
称呼和祝颂语后半部分的顶格,是对收信人的一种尊重。是古代书信“抬头”传统的延续。古人书信为竖写,行文涉及对方收信人姓名或称呼,为了表示尊重,不论书写到何处,都要把对方的姓名或称呼提到下一行的顶头书写。它的基本做法,为现代书信所吸收。
⑤署名和日期。写信人的姓名或名字,写在祝颂语下方空一至二行的右侧。最好还要在写信人姓名之前写上与收信人的关系,如儿×××、父×××、你的朋友×××等。在下一行写日期。
如果忘了写某事,则可以在日期下空一行、再空两格写上“又附”,再另起一行书写未尽事情。
书信历史悠久,其格式也几经变化。今天,按通行的习惯,书信格式主要包括五个部分:称呼、正文、结尾、署名和日期。
写一封信,先要把收信人的称呼顶格写在第一行,然后,再在后面加上冒号,表示下面有话要说。
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