the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, which is caused by the rotation of the earth as you all know. but have you ever thought of the effect of the earths rotation on man and can you imagine what would happen if the earth stopped rotating?
the radius of the earth is about 6,370 kilometres. it takes the earth 24 hours to rotate once. objects on the earths equator move with the earth at a speed of 460 metres per second, and the air close to the earths surface turns at the same speed. if the earth stopped rotating suddenly, the air would keep flowing eastward at a speed of 460 metres per second. the wind would be fourteen times as powerful as a hurricane. at the same time sea water would rush eastward at a speed of several hundred metres per second, which might do damages much greater than a seaquake would do. obviously, men could hardly stand such a catastrophe.
even if such a catastrophe would not happen, there would be a great temperature difference on the two hemispheres of the earth, and the four seasons of the year would no longer occur because a day and a night would be as long as a whole year instead of 24 hours. all this would greatly affect the life of human beings, imals and plants and that would cause worse results than anything imaginable.
首先,应了解读书笔记的类型。读书笔记一般有批注、摘录、提纲、心得等几种。写读书笔记时,可根据写笔记的目的、书的`类型及自己的习惯,确定写什么样的读书笔记。
1、批注笔记。即边读边把自己的看法、疑问等或在书上划出表示重点、次重点、疑问等等的符号,或在书的天头、地脑作些评语和注释。这种读书笔记简单易行,但首先得书是自己的,别人的书,不能乱画;即使是自己的书,下批注时也应先多想想:自己的看法对不对?怎么表述才简明,然后才写。因书上的空白处不多,想到就写,写了又感到不合适,那就会把书划得乱七八糟了。
2、摘录笔记。就是将书中的精彩观点、新颖材料及名言警句等摘抄下来,以备将来选用。这种读书笔记是大量的。做摘抄笔记时,最好让每段摘录自成一段。后面还应写上摘自什么书,多少页,该书的作者是谁,出版者是谁,哪一年出版的,都应写在摘抄的后面,以备将来查验、核对。两段摘录之间留下较大空白,这样做一是使摘录的眉目清楚,二是留下空白便于将来翻阅、运用时可以作批记。
3、提纲笔记。就是将读过的书的中心思想、段落大意、内容要点及写作方法等等,以提纲挈领的方式写出来。
4、心得笔记。就是阅读后,将自己的心得、体会、感想等写出来。也叫。
5、仿写笔记。即模仿摘录的精彩句子、段落进行仿写,达到学会运用、学以致用。
6、评论笔记。主要是对读物中的人物、事件加以评论,以肯定其思想艺术价值如何。可分为书名、主要内容、评论意见。
7、简缩笔记。为了记住故事梗概,读了一篇较长文章后,抓住主要内容,把它缩写成短文。
不同的读书笔记有不同的作用,可根据实际选择、确定。
其次,不论写什么样的读书笔记,有几点是共同的,也是应注意的。
(1)必须认真地读懂原作。这是写好读书笔记的前提。提纲笔记、心得笔记要以读懂原作为基础。就是摘抄笔记,也应细读原文。否则,你的摘抄就可能断章取义,就可能抄破了句。(2)态度要严肃、认真、细致。严肃是尊重原作,不要有意歪曲原作的意思,更不要为了达到个人目的,故意断章取义;认真,指应该认真阅读,认真分析,力求抓住原作的要点、重点、精彩的地方,不能马虎从事;细致,指摘抄原文后一字一句校对,不能有误差,连原书作者、出版者、出版时间等也要记得详细,不要怕麻烦。因为这时的任何粗心,都会在以后付出更大的代价。如多少年后,你想引用这段名言,却因没记原作者名字,你想查出名言的出处,那时恐怕连书也找不到了,想用也不好用。如果摘抄时记得细致,就不会有这种麻烦了。
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