是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式),也可以用冒号(美国式)。
(1)写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用Dear或My dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏)。例如:My dear father,Dear Tom等。
(2)写给公务上的信函用Dear Madam,Dear Sir或Gentleman(Gentlemen)。注意:Dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。Gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加Dear,是Dear Sir的复数形式。
(3)写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:Dear Prof. Tim Scales, Dear Dr.John Smith。
教师可选取几篇有代表性的作文进行评讲,通过学生的互评互说,指出范文的优点和长处,缺点和不足。进一步提高学生的写作兴趣。
例文:第二天,小男孩来到列宁格勒,秘书马上请小男孩到高尔基的办公室。小男孩敲门进来。高尔基说:快请进,我这儿有胶卷。小男孩说:你的胶卷不适合我的相机。说着,小男孩已经吩咐高尔基坐在沙发上看报纸。忽然,小男孩又哭了起来。你怎么呢?高尔基关切地问。我又忘了带胶卷了。高尔基拿了一筒胶卷给小男孩。小男孩说:没办法,只好用着吧!小男孩吩咐高尔基坐在凳子上打电脑。高尔基按小男孩的吩咐去做。小男孩说:我这次一定要多照些。小男孩照了很久,觉得口渴了。高尔基叫秘书拿来一杯果汁。小男孩喝完向高尔基告别走了。
The Spring Festival is coming and students are going to take a holiday.During this period, transportation departments nationwide will see a total passenger flow of more than 1.93bn.An estimated over 145 million persons will travel by train in China.It will bring increased pressure to handling this huge number of passengers.
Known as the Spring Travel Season, the peak travel times will occur immediately before and after the Spring Festival.
春节来临,学生们正在放假。在此期间、全国交通主管部门(包括飞机、火车、公路)上的所有乘客超过1.93亿。其中有超过1.45亿的人乘坐火车。这么庞大数量的旅客给有关部门带来了越来越多的压力。
春运高峰会出现在春节前后,这被称为“春运季节”。
Transportation during the Spring Festival, called chunyun in Chinese, is an annual test on Chinas transportation systems.
The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year, which falls in late January or early February according to Gregorian calendar, is the most important festival for the Chinese as it is an occasion for reunions with family and friends.Particularly, people hope to return home from work or study to have a reunion dinner with families on the Lunar New Years Eve.Hundreds of millions of Chinese people are on journey as the Spring Festival travel season begins. Therefore, Chunyun has created enormous pressure on Chinas transportation sector.
The Ministry of Railway and the National Development and Reform Commission usually issue circulars during the period, demanding that coordination mechanisms be established among transportation departments, different localities and police, and that countermeasures be made in place in case of emergencies to ensure efficiency and a complete success during the peak travel season.
中国人将“春节期间的运输”简称为“春运”,它是对中国交通运输系统的年度考验。
春节,即中国农历新年,通常始于公历一月末或二月初,它是中国人最重要的节日,是家人及亲朋好友团聚的日子。人们尤其希望在学习和工作之后赶回家中与家人一起吃年夜饭。春运期间,数以亿计的中国人都在旅途奔波,因此,它给中国的交通部门造成了巨大的压力。
中国铁道部和国家发改委在此期间会下发各类通知,要求运输部门、地方各级部门、警察部门建立协调机制,制定各种措施应对紧急情况的.发生,确保运输效率,保证高峰季节的运输得以顺利完成。
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