Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
3.1学校武术文化传播的优势
在武术传播的研究文献中,有关于学校武术传播的纵向研究中多次提到学校是武术文化传播的一个有效途径,学校是发展民族传统体育的“主阵地”,武术本身的发展和普及也决不能忽视学校这块重要阵地。日本的柔道,韩国的跆拳道都是在保留其基本精髓的基础上对动作和规则加以改良,使之更适合作为教学训练的内容和比赛的项目,并通过学校作为主渠道向青少年推广,从而得到越来越多人的喜爱。反观他们国家在各级学校体育课中民族体育项目的比重和普及情况,以及遍布世界各地的柔道馆、跆拳道馆,就不难明白这些民族体育项目代表亚洲进入奥运会决不是偶然的。学校不仅应该成为种种奥林匹克体育运动项目的推广基地,更应承担起发展民族体育、弘扬民族文化的历史重任。同时,中国武术作为我国古老的传统体育项目,具有许多其他西方体育项目不可比拟的优越性,在全面推行素质教育的今天,中国武术文化具有重要的教育作用与意义,学校体育应将武术文化教育纳为重要组成部分,充分发挥武术文化在学校实施素质教育中的作用,推动学校体育全面发展。
3.2学校武术文化传播形式的单一性
近现代以来,学校体育的开展基本上实施军事体操模式,学校武术的开展沿袭或者仿照了军事体操的模式。从上世纪20年代开展中华新武术始,学校武术就被竞技化、模式化,甚至格式化了,体用兼备逐步淡漠,“理、法、势”渐渐只留下了“势”,武术教材枯燥,难度偏高,致使许多优秀的拳种失传,中华武术的精华濒于遗失。解放后推行的武术开展模式,重套路轻技击,重势轻法,重势轻理,从教学、训练、比赛、规则等方面基本参照西方体操模式。上世纪末虽然武馆武校蓬勃发展,高校、体院专门设立武术系科专业,然其依旧采用西方竞技体操的教学、训练、竞赛的开展模式。竞技是属于少部分人参与的活动,武术一旦唯竞技化,就远离了健身、健康,也就背离了武术的社会存在作用,其在学校的传播形式也就只适用于少部分人,即专门从事此项活动的武术教师、武术教练、武术队员,大部分的学生和教师都缺乏兴趣,只能敬而远之,止于欣赏。
3.3学校武术文化传播的制约性
目前中国的教育体系,严重缺乏本土文化的继承,制约了武术文化的传播。幼儿园到研究生教育整个过程中,竞没有一门系统的传统文化课程,使得绵延深厚的中国传统文化面临着断层的危险。武术也不例外,武术教育一定程度的缺失,不仅使西方体育项目在中国大行其道,就连与武术渊源颇深的韩国跆拳道和日本空手道等亚洲体育项目在中国也异常火爆,而参与的人群主要是青少年学生,属于国粹的武术却备受冷落。青少年学生是中国未来的希望,武术如不能在新生一代身上得到传承发展,必定面临失落或消亡的危险。武术如在国内都不能盛行的话,何谈在世界上传播。虽然建国之初我国就把武术列为大、中、小学体育教学的内容,可武术在我国学校中开展得情况并不好,主要原因有:一方面体育教材中武术所占份额太少。如“中小学体育课中武术内容的比例只有8%”,有的学校体育教学根本没有武术内容;另一方面缺少武术功底过硬的师资队伍,这与我国武术发源国的地位极不相称。有关部门已经认识到这个问题,在2004年中宣部和教育部联合制定的《中小学开展、弘扬和培育民族精神教育实施纲要》强调了在中小学加强武术课的问题,这为学校武术发展提供了契机。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
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