举行换裙仪式后,少女就可以自由自在地逛街、赶场、看赛马、耍朋友、谈恋爱了。换裙时间是根据少女的'发育情况而定的,一般选在15~17岁之间,多择单岁。因为在当地彝民看来,双岁换裙会多灾多难,终生也不会吉利。至于换裙的具体日期,则要请老人好好地择算一下,才能最后定下吉日佳期。
换裙这天,主人家像过节一样喜气洋洋,富户要***猪宰羊,大宴宾客;穷户最少也要***鸡泡酒,招待亲邻。一大早,男女宾客便纷纷登门,送礼祝贺。按照当地俗规,举行换裙仪式时,绝不允许任何男子在场,只邀请女亲女友参加。
换裙仪式因地区不同,各有千秋。有的地方是请一位成年女性坐在果树下抽打一只小猪,待猪死后,将死猪在换裙少女的头上连续转几匝,以此来驱除邪恶。然后为姑娘挂上耳坠,梳成双辩,再换新裙。有的地方则先假设一物为夫方,如树木或磨子,然后把少女打扮成一位花枝招展的假新娘,由一位成年妇女背着,围绕假设之物走三圈,即算结婚。
在仪式进行的过程中,有的地方仅由妇女们说些逗笑少女的风流话和祝愿词,有的地方则一直在歌声和笑声中进行。先由为首的姑娘用歌声挑逗、审问换裙的少女,问她喜欢谁?是喜欢好吃懒做的人,还是勤劳勇敢的人?是喜欢诚实忠厚的人,还是喜欢投机耍滑的人?面对审问和戏弄,换裙少女一般不开腔回答,只是低着头羞涩低坐着,规规矩矩地接受一切审问。
所有审问的内容一概由坐在少女身边的一位姑娘越俎代庖,一一作答。最后,为首的姑娘总是独唱这样一首歌:要戴银牌要亲手系,要戴珠链要亲友串,要找知心人要亲自选。唱完、闹完之后,便请一位漂亮、能干、相好的妇女给换裙者梳头、戴哈帕:将原来梳在脑后的单辫梳结到前面来,正中分开,在耳后梳成双辫,再戴上哈帕。额前的刘海用少许水打湿抹光,使之整齐发亮,以显示少女情窦初开、秀丽端庄。再佩上艳丽的耳珠,珠光闪烁,更有含羞藏娇、妩媚动人的神态。最后换上蓝、黑等对比强烈的三接拖地长裙,走动起来,步履轻盈,婀娜多姿,充满了青春的美丽与生命的活力。这是最美好的时刻,在场的妇女或姑娘都沉浸在美好的回忆或幸福的向往之中,从而使“沙拉洛”达到高潮。
“沙拉洛”仪式结束后,男子才能参加欢宴。大家席地而坐,愉快地吃着砣砣肉、荞馍和炒面等,开怀畅饮,一醉方休。换裙意味着女子已经成年,可以自由地找情人,谈恋爱。
The Role of Mobile Phone in People's Communication
The popularity of smartphones has exerted great influence on the way people communicate, so much so that an increasing number of individuals contend that face-to-face communication is being replaced by texts and images on the mobile phone.
There are more than one angle to consider this phenomenon. On one hand, it is pleasantly acknowledged that smartphones shorten the distance between families and friends. Even people from different sides of the globe can share pictures, feelings and thoughts through various types of apps on the phone, thus building a long-distance connection. On the other hand, as the picture warns us, too much smartphone addiction interferes with people's real-life communication. Statistics show that over 70 percent of face-to-face communication consists of facial expressions and body language, which is why people should stay away from mobile phones when they have the chance to actually talk and communicate with others.
In a word, mobile phones act as an appropriate platform where people can always stay in tough however long the distance is, but a wise man should know when to put down his phone.
Recently, there is a popular saying: the world is so large that I want to have a look! As more and more people travel around during their holidays, tourists have brought large sum of money to the local people.
However, too many tourists also bring some problems to the local life. The most serious problem is the pollution caused by the uncivilized tourists. It’s reported that there were thousands of tons of rubbish left after the flag-raising ceremony on Oct. 1st. The uncivilized tourists left their rubbish wherever they go, polluting the local environment. Another problem is the traffic jam caused by so many tourists.
Tourist can promote the economic development of the local areas, but the pollution caused by those uncivilized tourists has brought severe problems. The local tourist authority should set up relative laws to protect the environment of the local areas, and every tourist obey the laws and help to make the places of tourist more beautiful!
Everyone may encounter a scene when he or she wonders what the meaning and purpose of life is. Answers to this question vary from person to person. As for me, I agree with the view that the meaning of life is to discover your gift and the purpose of life is to make the best of it.
On one hand, one's gift could be the source of his inner happiness, providing spiritual impetus and correct orientation. Take the world-renowned Chinese pianist Lang Lang as an example. His gift was noticed before he was 3 years old, which laid the foundation of his glorious life. On the other hand, proper use of talent helps people to realize their value in a positive way, thus making contribution to the society as a whole. For instance, Isaac Newton made a universally amazing discovery by digging into his gift and finding the Newton's law of gravitation.
In conclusion, let's search for our true gift and utilize it to the fullest to achieve a happy and valuable life.
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Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
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In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
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Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a student of our university, who often spend my spare time in our library. Generally speaking, our library provides quite good service. However, I still have some suggestions for you to upgrade the quality of your service.
To begin with, I would like you to prolong the open time. In the daytime, most students are having classes. To continue, some books are too old/ are out of date. It would be better if you could replace them with updated materials.
I sincerely hope to have a comfortable library. And I would be highly grateful if you could take my suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
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