任务驱动使学生进入学习情景,师生讨论,使学生明确了学习的目标和自己要解决的方案。在解决任务的过程中,教师应要求学生仔细揣摩任务及样例,领会和进一步清晰解决任务的意图和思路,允许和鼓励学生创造性的发挥,同时要鼓励学生讨论、交流。对于完成任务有困难的学生或小组,教师要与学生一起找出存在的问题,给予恰当的引导。对于很快就完成任务的学生可以布置拓展任务以进一步的提高。
美国心理学家波斯纳提出:“如果一个教师仅仅满足于获得经验而不对经验深入的思考,那么既便是有20年的教学经验,也许只是一年工作的20次重复,除非善于从经验反思中吸取教益,否则就不可能有什么改进。永远停留在一个新手型教师的水准上。”他给出了一个教师成长的简洁公式:教师成长=经验+反思。它清楚地揭示了一个教师的成长过程离不开不断的反思。反思不仅仅是头脑内部的想一想,他是一个不断实践、学习、研究的过程,是自己与自己、自己与他人的深层次的对话,要想成为一名有效教师,扎实苦***精神和态度是基础,而学会不断地自我反思则是发展自我的必由之路。本书在分享和解读教学案例上,引导教师从转变学生学习方式的角度反思有效建立新课程教学方式的策略、方法和途径。
提出任务之后,教师不要急于讲解,而是要让学生讨论、分析任务,提出完成任务需要做哪些事情,需要解决哪些问题。
许多信息技术教师都有这样的体会:学生刚接触信息技术课时兴趣很大,可没多久,兴趣就没有了,学生对玩计算机很感兴趣,但对信息技术课却没有兴趣。信息技术课怎么学?怎么教?如何培养学生学习的能力?这些问题一直让许多老师感到困惑。最近我一直在研读《信息技术教学方法》这本书,收获颇多。
信息技术常用的教学方法有:讲授法、演示法、讨论法、任务驱动教学法、范例教学法等等,而在信息技术教学中采用任务驱动教学是一种较为普遍、较为合适的教学方法。
信息技术教学中任务驱动教学法可以概括为:以任务为主线、以教师为主导、以学生为主体;确定任务是核心,怎样驱动是关键,信息素养是目的。具体教学实施流程:
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
但在我认为,语文是非常抒情的。语文,它有优美的句子,抒情的文章,也有各种各样的词语,语文是伟大的,它教会我们做人的道理,教会我们学习的方法。
学语文,非得用功。因为语文不只是要听课就可以了,在重要的地方也要做上一些笔记,因为人的大脑不可能一下子能接受那么多。就像鲁迅先生那样,老师一边讲,他一边听,一边记,回家后就拿出来复习,这样才能做到“温故而知新”。最终,他就成为文学大师,一代风范。
语文的难点就是——写作文。其实,写作文主要在于积累词汇,因为作文中经常需要用到一些好词,如优美、动听……。还有一点,就是要分清层次,不要东一句西一句的。马克思就是一个好例子,他从小就背诵名人的文章中的好句。所以,在他的`文章中,总会出现许多好词好句。
学语文,就要下苦工夫,有人说,下苦功夫等于“自找苦吃”。每天,又要看书,写字,还要想。其实,会驾驶语文这艘“船”的人,无不是经过风雨的吹打。只有这样,才能使你变成一位出色的“驾驶员”。
学语文,就要经受的起风吹雨打,不要因困难而退缩,半途而废。
有谁不想在语文的果园里结满丰硕的果实呢?那就让我们一起来学习语文吧!按照毛爷爷的一句话:学语文不是那么容易的,而是要经过一番苦工夫的。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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