本书简介:
《沉思录》是古罗马皇帝奥勒留写给自己的书,内容大部分是他在鞍马劳顿中写成的。作品来自奥勒留对身羁宫廷的自己和自己所处混乱世界的感受,追求一种冷静而达观的生活。这部著作是斯多葛学派的一个里程碑,亦是温总理放在枕边,读了不下百遍的书。
本书原文由古希腊文而作,英文版选择比较权威的George Long的版本,中文版选择何怀宏的版本作参考。笔记中的英文释义摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
作者简介:
马可奥勒留(Marcus Aurelius,公元121—180年),著名的“帝王哲学家”,古罗马帝国皇帝,在希腊文学和拉丁文学、修辞、哲学、法律、绘画方面受过很好的`教育,晚期斯多葛学派代表人物之一。奥勒留也许是西方历史上唯一的一位哲学家皇帝。他是一个比他的帝国更加完美的人,他的勤奋工作最终并没有能够挽救古罗马,但是他的《沉思录》却成为西方历史上的伟大名著。
卷六04
6.11Consider how many things in the same indivisible time take place in each of us, things which concern the body and things which concern the soul: and so thou wilt not wonder if many more things, or rather all things which come into existence in that which is the one and all, which we call Cosmos, exist in it at the same time.
6.12If any man should propose to thee the question, how the name Antoninus is written, wouldst thou with a straining of the voice utter each letter? What then if they grow angry, wilt thou be angry too? Wilt thou not go on with composure and number every letter? just so then in this life also remember that every duty is made up of certain parts. These it is thy duty to observe and without being disturbed or showing anger towards those who are angry with thee to go on thy way and finish that which is set before thee.
6.13How cruel it is not to allow men to strive after the things which appear to them to be suitable to their nature and profitable! And yet in a manner thou dost not allow them to do this, when thou art vexed because they do wrong. For they are certainly moved towards things because they suppose them to be suitable to their nature and profitable to them.- But it is not so.- Teach them then, and show them without being angry.
6.14Death is a cessation of the impressions through the senses, and of the pulling of the strings which move the appetites, and of the discursive movements of the thoughts, and of the service to the flesh.
先尝试自己翻译一下吧,参考译文见下:
中文翻译:
6.11考虑一下在一段不可划分的时间里,有多少关系到身体和灵魂的事情对我们每一个人发生,那么你就不要奇怪,在同样的时间里,有更多甚至所有的事物都在那既是一又是全的、我们称之为宇宙的东西中产生和存在。
6.12如果有人向你提出这个问题,"安东尼"这个名字是怎样写呢?你将不耐烦地说出每一字母么?而如果他们变得愤怒,你也对他们愤怒吗?你不镇定地继续一个个说出每一个字母么?那么在生活中也正是这样,也要记住每一义务都是由某些部分组成的。遵循它们就是你的义务,不要烦恼和生气地对待那些生你气的人,继续走你的路,完成摆在你前面的工作。
6.13不允许人们努力追求那些在他们看来是适合他们本性的和有利的事物,是多么残忍啊!但当你因他们行恶而烦恼时,还是要以某种方式不允许他们做这些事。他们被推动做这些事确实是因为他们假设这些事是适合于他们本性的,是对他们有利的,然而情况不是这样。那么教育他们吧,平静地向他们展示他们的错误。
6.14死亡是感官印象的中止、是***系列的中断,是思想的散漫运动的停息,是对肉体服务的结束。
回顾:《沉思录》系列>>
《美丽中国》是表现中国野生动植物和自然人文景观的大型电视纪录片,看过之后给了我深深的触动。纪录片作为“以真实生活为创作素材,以真人真事为表现对象的电 影电视艺术形式” ,其手段在于对真实素材进行艺术加工与展现,其目的在于以展现真实为 本质,并用真实引发人们思考。但是,自然类纪录片因为较少有人的参与,缺少人与人之间 一目了然的矛盾冲突和引人入胜的故事情节, 与社会类的纪录片相比, 它更多地表现为单纯 的猎奇与对真实镜头的捕捉,在思维品格上难以胜出。在纪录片创作中,创作观念是非常重 要的,创作者在拍摄纪录片之前,先要对所表现的事物进行思考。任何一部纪录片都或多或 少地体现作者对艺术和生命的态度, 纪实的品格上升为思维的品格, 才能使创作进入审美的 层次。 国际自然类电视节目主席帕萨`萨拉斯曾说: “自然类影片绝不只是动物、树和昆虫等非 常近的镜头和放大镜头,还有被称为自然精神的东西。也就是说拍摄自然类纪录片,首先需 要摄制者对自然的热爱和了解,要懂得珍爱生命、尊重生命。它需要一种人文精神,而绝不 只是为了追求感官刺激。 ”他同时还说: “现今社会强调的人文精神,并不是单纯的指对人的 价值、人的个性、人的尊严、人的地位、人的发展与人的自由的关怀、看护和尊重,还有我 们所在的这个大自然,包括自然中的一切生命。人文精神就是一种关怀,真诚的对自然世界 的一种关怀。 ”
《美丽中国》是一部反映中国自然生态的纪录片。由 BBC 环球公司与中国中视传媒股 份有限公司联合拍摄,英文名称为”WILD CHINA” ,也有译为《野性中国》《锦绣中华》, 历时三年拍摄,共六集。与其说这是一部纪录片,不如说它是一场视觉的盛宴。诗一般的画 面、 伴之纯粹大自然的声音、 独具中国气质的磅礴之声相结合的美丽画面都给我们带来 了一种久违的震撼,强大的视觉冲击力带给我们的是全新的视听完美享受。 然而,不仅如此,纪录片《美丽中国》中更有一种陷于画面和音乐背后的、厚实的浓浓 的情怀,一种博大警世的人文关怀流淌其中,它不仅给我一种视觉的震撼,更让我有了对自 然的震撼与敬畏。
《美丽中国》中的人文精神。在整部纪录片中,没有清晰的人物对白,解说词只是展示 性的, 可以说主要是在用视觉语言和影像的力量展示着自然, 更展示着不朽的人文主义精神, 这些精神深深地打动着我。 张家界深山溪水中的娃娃鱼,贵州山间的叶猴,茫茫雪山中被呼为“山中野老”的滇金 丝猴,迁徙途中在鄱阳湖歇脚的浩荡鸟群,上海郊区寺庙中 400 余岁高龄的斑点龟,贵州岩 洞中的蝙蝠。 傍晚时分, 古老爹倚在窗前, 仰头远眺, 看着遮天蔽日从北方飞来的成群雨燕, 计算着它们南来的日子,并以此盘算着插秧的日期。金腰燕飞来的第二天,各家各户就一同 忙着把秧苗移到山间的梯田之中,而头上的雨燕也在忙着建筑新巢。 如此清晰逼真的视觉语言让我在体味生命力量的挣扎的同时, 更让我深深地感受到在这 部 6 个小时的纪录片中,所展示的动物、植物是与我们人类一样平等而珍贵的生命。在优美 的摄像的引导下, 渐渐走进了大自然的世界, 逐渐用一颗平等的心态感受着自然中生命的起 起伏伏。这部纪录片带给我们的不单单是美的享受,更融入了一种生命的整合:当我们知道 在拍摄后的几周后 400 余岁高龄的斑点龟死了时会遗憾; 在蛇岛上, 当我们看到鸟儿逃脱蛇 的攻击时会高兴??影片中, 往南迁徙的鸟儿在枝头歇息, 透过画面观众看到伪装的腹蛇就 附着在同一棵树的树枝上,且仿佛那腹蛇一张口就要吞下鸟儿了,内心就会焦急万分,担忧 鸟儿能否躲过蛇的攻击。当看到有的鸟儿未能逃脱,只能成为腹蛇的食物时,令人感到无助 和无奈,并感受到了生物链的冷酷与无情。这一切令观众的心随着自然生命而跳动。 《美丽中国》中展现给观众的自然世界与每一个人所面对的并无不同:孤独、疲惫、不 能支撑和致命伤害。
《美丽中国》用它的镜头告诉人们:自然生物是我们的朋友,只不过与 我们生活的方式、地点不一样。也许是社会生活太过复杂和疲惫,我们早就忘了其实所有的 生物都是地球的主人,我们应该发现,这个地球不仅仅属于我们,还属于动物,属于更多的 生灵。纪录片引导人们关注或者说重拾的,可能正是已被忽视掉的人类与动物之间的感情、 生物之间奇妙的感应和联系。 如果每一个观众都在观后像珍惜自己一样善待动物, 那么这就 足以体现这部纪录片在现实中的价值和意义。 理解爱护珍稀动物, 保护我们的自然环境的意 义,正是影片所要表达的强烈的人文关怀精神。
《美丽中国》中的生态平衡观。文明是一把双刃剑,在带给人类物质享受和现代生活的 同时,也带来了人类与自然的隔阂和异化,人类的心灵越来越粗糙,感觉越来越迟钝,心肠 越来越坚硬??于是生命的意识淡薄,悲悯情怀丧失,人文精神缺乏,人类成为唯一只爱自 己的冷漠动物。但是《美丽中国》 ,它带给观众的不仅是美轮美奂的中国自然视觉奇观,还 有前所未有的心灵震撼, 人们震撼于大自然的美与脆弱, 让冷漠已久的心灵变得湿润、 柔软。 这部长达 6 小时的大型纪录片的特点是以自然为对象, 以平等的视点关注人与自然界中的生 物。以纪实的手法和写意的风格,来抒写和展示自然的奇观和生命的奇迹,让观众有机会近 距离地观赏中国大自然中生存的各种生命,在观赏中感受自然的'壮观、神奇与美妙,感受生 命的庄严、神圣与美丽,同时也对自然法则产生了新的认识和新的思考。
《美丽中国》把思考的领域从自然界扩展到人类、扩展到人与自然的关系。实际上它是 在借大自然中生物的生存状态观察人类的行为,反思人类未来的命运。或者说,它不是从人 类的角度看自然,而是从自然的角度解读人类,即将动物的世界作为这个世界的主角,从自 然的角度来观察人类的行为, 巧妙地将动物的世界与人的世界进行艺术化的对比, 用暗示和 警示的方法来审视人类的价值观念及许多悖论性行为方式。 无污染无破坏的自然环境本来是 自然界最美好、最壮观的景象,而人类无止境的开发与建设却把这些美好近乎破坏殆尽,多 种物种濒临灭绝,美丽的自然美景不复存在,最终也影响了人类的生存。当我们从大自然的 角度来观察这个世界时, 才能看清这个世界的面貌与形态, 才能发现这个世界的自身结构和 内在关联,才能看清自己面貌的丑陋和行为的愚蠢。 《美丽中国》中人文精神指导和欣赏下的视觉语言。视觉语言是纪录片创作者用以构成 视觉形象、表达制作思想的各种手段技法的总和。因此视觉艺术、画面思维是纪录片制作人 员应有的基本思维方式,也是电视纪录片表达创意、展示故事的主要创作思维方式。对于纪 录片来说,视觉是第一性的。纪录片是供人们欣赏的艺术品, “好看”是纪录片的“核” ,因 此,视觉语言是纪录片思维品格表达的一种最重要手段。 正是基于对自然生命的尊重与深厚的感情, 纪录片 《美丽中国》 用独具中国气质的磅礴、 浑厚、 包容的声音结合美丽的中国自然画面, 把原属于自然科学范畴的主题拍成了洋溢深厚 人文主义精神的优秀作品,其视觉语言充溢、表现着浓厚的思维品格。如大量的长镜头,跟 随对象的运动,用特效表现的风云变幻、万物生长,大量的航拍镜头展现出壮阔的美感、梯 田区的整体视觉冲击效果;运用自然光线、光度的强弱,光位的顺光、逆光、侧光,光比的明与暗等,追求写实性;运用蒙太奇的手法,切换自然中的不同场景,无不集中反映着人与 自然和谐这一伟大主题。同时,拍摄者在摄像时总是尽可能地亲近拍摄对象,获取最真实的 视觉画面、获取自然的最美好的瞬间。对于摄制者来说,它们已经不是单纯的物或景,而是 怀有情感的相互依存的“伙伴” 。
《美丽中国》 “创造和利用现实” ,以自己的人文精神与思想来指导纪录片中视觉语言的运 用,而绝不是为纪实而纪实,做呆板、机械的原生态记录。如此生动的记录给所看到的人巨 大的启发。我们都应站起呼吁: “保护自然,保护野生动植物和那些历史悠久的自然人文景观! ”
不得不说,吴英很传奇,她很年轻,不过才三十岁.可她的经历却远远超过了那些知天命乃至不惑的人.
我佩服她的眼光,更佩服她的胆量,一个不过是中专文化的女孩,能够做出这样一番作为,很不容易.
她的成功,可能是因为她出生的那片神奇土地,更多的可能的是她本身性格中有很多吸引人的`因素.
但传奇,来得快去得也快.一瞬间,物转星移;一瞬间,变故突生.我不知道最后会是怎样的收场,
但,我知道,传奇,再也无法续写.她是否犯了罪?她的集资手段是否非法?她是否把筹集的资金大肆挥霍?我不敢妄言.但可以肯定,她的行为必不被现行的法律所认可.而因为这个案件,国家也出台了一些法律法规.或许,类似的事情会在以后得到更好的解决,我只能寄托于此.
Have to say, wu ying is a legend, she is very young, but only thirty years old. But her experience has far exceeded the old people who knew and even.
I admire her vision,the more admire her courage, the girl is technical secondary school culture, able to make such a as, it's not easy.
Her success, perhaps because she was born of the miraculous land, more likely she itself there are a lot of attractive personality factors.
But the legend, comes to go. For an instant, the thing turn star move; For an instant, misfortune turkestan born. I don't know what the end result will be ended,
But, I know, legend, couldn't continue. Whether she committed a crime? Her fund-raising means should be illegal? If she put the funds raised wantonly prodigal? I dare not deceptive philosophy. But be sure that her behavior will not be current law recognizes. And because of this case, the country is also introduced some laws and regulations. Perhaps, similar things will get better settled in later, I can only repose in this.
Wild China
The last hidden world ----China.
After watching the video for the second time, I was still fascinated by the well-bedded terraces, endless steppes, beautiful mountains and etc. There is no doubt that this video is a completely outstanding documentary which reflects Chinese Human Geography. To be honest, as a Chinese, I feel ashamed that I have not seen the most sceneries in this video. Our country is so attractive that I can not wait to learn more about it.
In addition, when I was attracted by the beautiful scenery, I still thought about the development of our country. China has the largest population and the most ancient culture in the world, developing is the most important problem now. Land desertification, water resources crisis, more and more Industrial wastes, we need to face all those problems.
Although China has vast territory and abundant resources, we should take care of it. There are so many species have disappeared forever, what we can do is to do our best to protect them. I hope our country will be wild not only in the past but also in the future.
The Review Writing of《This is Water》
The author, David Foster Wallace, was considered by many to be one of the finest writers of his generation. He only gave one speech in public in all his life, in which he talked about his view of life. The speech happened in a commencement of Kenyon College in 2005. Now, the widely distributed video has been into a thin book, which name is “this is water”.
According to Wallace's view, the water was on behalf of the most obviously, the most important reality, but it was difficult to see or talk about; and “the same experience for different people may mean something completely different”, because everyone had a different “default settings” and a different way from the experience in the construction of meaning. Therefore, the ideal of liberal education was to make people out of this self center, learning to “how to think” and “thinking” control. Wallace then cut to the usual humor and plain philosophy from the contemporary urban life, pointing out the importance of maintaining vigilance and consciousness. At the same time, we should be free to choose the way of looking at things.
At the beginning of the speech, Wallace talked a story about the fish, and it is pointed out that “the most obvious, ubiquitous, important realities are often the hardest to see and talk about”. In our daily life, we tend to think that we are the absolute center of the natural, just like our default-setting. But most, we tend to automatically determine the thing, in fact, is completely wrong, even be fooled. Therefore in front of fact, we should learn to choose and think deeply. Then Wallace cited an example of the story of shopping in the supermarket. Just as our natural default-setting, we may think that traffic jams and crowded aisles and long checkout lines are pissed and miserable experience. When we think like this, we are operating on the automatic, unconscious belief that we are the center of the world, so that we feel the most boring and the most frustrating part in the adult world. However, if we changed our method of thinking, we may feel the difference of the things and make other choices. But doing like this is hard, needs will and mental effort. If we want to feel a meaningful and sacred experience instead of a crowed, loud, slow situation, the only thing we should do is to decide what to worship. We have the right to decided what to worship, but there are different kinds of freedom. The real freedom includes attention, and awareness, and displaying. In order to achieve this freedom, we should keep reminding ourselves “This is water” constantly. But it is hard to maintain awareness and activity in the adult world; we should keep study from now on.
As a famous saying said, life is not a lack of beauty, but the lack of eyes to find beauty. We should be good at discovering hidden in the things below the surfaceof things, it will open another world.
Jiang Yan's talent has not really run out, but he was an officer after the one hand, as the Chief busy, on the other hand also because of career proud of, without their own write, to sweat, they did not write the. Over time, the article will bring out less, lacking in talent. (Excerpt from "Practical Writing" 1995 No. 8 "I hope," Jiang "was not exactly"
南朝的江淹,字文通,他年轻的时候,就成为一个鼎鼎有名的文学家,他的诗和文章在当时获得极高的评价。 可是,当他年纪渐渐大了以后,他的文章不但没有以前写得好了,而且退步不少。他的诗写出来平淡无奇;而且提笔吟握好久,依旧写不出一个字来,偶尔灵感来了;诗写出来了,但文句枯涩,内容 平淡得一无可取。于是就有人传说,有一次江淹乘船停在禅灵寺的.河边,梦见一 个自称叫张景阳的人;向他讨还一匹绸缎,他就从怀中拘出几尺绸缎还他。因此,他的文章以后便不精彩了。又有人传说;有一次江淹在冶亭中睡午觉;梦见一个自称郭璞 的人,走到他的身边,向他索笔,对他说:“文通兄,我有一支笔在你那儿已经很久了,现在应该可以还给我了吧!” 江淹听了,就顺手从怀里取出一支五色笔来还他。据说从此以后,江淹就文思枯竭,再也写不出什么好的文章了。
其实并不是江淹的才华已经用完了,而是他当官以后,一方面由于政务繁忙,另一方面也由于仕途得意,无需自己动笔,劳心费力,就不再动笔了。久而久之,文章自然会逐渐逊色,缺乏才气。(节选自《应用写作》1995年第8期《但愿“江郎”才不尽》)
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