1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
我的房间很可爱,也很明亮。它不大,但是干净整洁。
一走进我的房间,你就会看到一扇大窗户。透过窗户你可以看到蓝蓝的天空和绿色的树。有时你也会看到一些鸟儿在天空飞翔。
在窗户下面是一张大桌子。桌子上放了一些学习用品和我的笛子。
在桌子的右边是一个书架。在书架上你能找到各种书籍。我最喜欢关于动物和科学方面的.书籍。紧挨着书架的是我最喜欢的东西——电脑。它使我获得知识,让我快乐。在门的对面是我的舒适的床。在我床上的墙上有两张地图。一张是中国地图,另一张是世界地图。我可以从它们那里学到很多东西。
这就是我的房间。我喜欢独自呆在我的房间里做作业。在我的业余时间里我还喜欢在我的房间里吹笛子。我的房间是我的小世界。
My room is lovely and bright. It's not big,but it's clean and tidy.
On walking into my room,you can see a big window. Through the window you can see the blue sky and green trees. Sometimes you also can see some birds flying in the sky. Under the window is a big desk. On the desk there are my school things and my flute. On the right side of the desk is a bookshelf, you can find all kinds of books on it. But my favourite books are about animals and science. Next to the shelf is my favourite thing—computer. It gives me knowledge and makes me happy. Opposite the door is my comfortable bed. On the wall above the bed are two maps. One is a map of China,the others is a map of the world. I learn a lot of things from them.
This is my room. I like to stay in my room alone and do my homework. I like playing the flute in my spare time in it. My room is my small world.界。
We all have our homes, some homes may be larger, probably smaller, and some at home, some of the possible ugly, probably prettier. My family is no exception Oh! Here, let me introduce yourself! My home, although small, very small, but my family is very nice, at first glance, neat, people look very comfortable.
Come into my house, first appeared in front of you is the living room, the living room is the center of a can pull shrink, brown table, at the table, three chairs, are Mom and Dad and my chair, and that in the southwest corner of a table, that is my position. In the living room wall, there is a very old painting, the painting is a bird on a branch of the scene. Left to go from the living room, is one of our room, where we usually watch TV, play computer ...... room northwest, is one of our computer, I find information tool. N the south, there is a TV, free when you can take a look at the news. Next to the TV is my homework place, where there is a multi—functional desk, you can put down a lot of books and stationery.
Go inside this room is our bedroom, with a bed, it was my mother just a place to sleep near the bed, there are a bed, it was my dad a place to sleep, the walls in the bedroom , he has painted a picture of my childhood, very beautiful. This is my home, you must feel it nice!
l like my bedroom best . ln my bedroom, there is a bed, a bedside table, two desks ,a armchair ,a bookcase and a lamp .
On the bookcase there are a lots of dollsand taddy bears.Next to the bed , there is a bedside table and there is a lamp on it .Between the bedside table and the bookcase there is a deak .
Opposite the bookcase there is a desk to . beside the desk there is a armchair .
I love my bedroom.
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