1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
或许你认为,回报对于我们来说还太早,我们既没钱又没势,该如何回报?那么,回报的意义只是存在于铜臭味里吗?你与他人的感情只存在于金钱之上吗?不是,感情向来纯净、平淡,就像出水芙蓉一般,需要天然去雕饰。那样晶莹剔透的感情,你就舍得用金钱与权力去玷污它,亵渎它吗?
庸俗的人用金钱与势力去回报,而年轻多思的我们应该用心去回报。
当你顺手帮别人递去一本书时,
别人回报了,他会微笑着说“谢谢”;当你施舍给路边居无定所的乞丐时,他们回报了他们会感激地祝福你“祝你以后升官发财”;当你勤奋用功,刻苦钻研时,成绩也回报了,它会为你大把大把地获取知识,获取成绩与荣誉,让你享受无尽的欢乐……在我们身边处处都存在着回报,或许你不曾注意过它们,但是蓦然回首,你无法否定它们的存在,你也无法抹去他们为你带来的美好回忆。那么,扪心自问,你回报了吗?面对家人、朋友、师长乃至社会,你回报了吗?
你是否仍然恶声恶气地对待无微不至关怀你的家人?你是否对待亲密无间的朋友表面一套,背后一套?你又是否对老师曲意逢迎,直拉近乎?生活中虽然与你接触的人形形色色,但他们都用一颗火热的真心对待着你,而你的回报又是否同样来自真心,来自心灵的最深处呢?
用心回报,回报真诚的微笑,温暖的怀抱,激动的心跳。用心回报,让你的身边充满阳光与明媚,让你冰冷的心灵不再空虚。
将我心,换你心。不要虚假的感情,不要空虚的心灵,更不要不璀璨的花季!
用心回报,真得很重要!
俗话说得好:善有善报,恶有恶报。只要你是付出了、做过了,你都会得到相应的回报。
曾看到过这样的一个故事:一个小女孩主动上前去搀扶一位拄着拐杖、正准备过车来车往的马路的老奶奶过马路,当她将老奶奶搀扶马路的另一边,老奶奶正要向她道谢时,小女孩时是这样说的:“上次是别人帮了我奶奶过了马路,这次是我帮助了别人的奶奶过马路。这是我应该做的。我希望能将这种回报传递下去。”
是啊,凭借自己力所能及的事,带给他人温暖,是一件多么幸福的事啊,这温暖不仅温暖了自我,也温暖了大众。这温暖不像夏日的烈日般灼热,也不像冬日里的阳光般柔弱和短暂,它是一种永恒的温暖,不会随风而逝,也不会因时间的推移而消失。
每个人或多或少都受到过别人的帮助。但是你是否想到要去回报他们呢?或者你认为帮助过你的人早已消失在人海,你就是想回报也无能为力了?我想回报不一定就要针对曾经那个帮助过你的人。其实社会上的任何一个人都可以成为你回报的对象,只要他遇到了困难,而这个困难又是在你力所能及的范围之内,对你来说根本就是小菜一碟的话,帮助他人解决这个困难岂不是一个明智之举吗?最后的结果还不是快乐你我他。帮助完他人之后,千万不要忘记了这句话,将回报传递给需要帮助的人。
将回报传递,这个世界就会是一个和谐、充满欢乐的世界。微笑是这个世界的明信片,和平鸽是这个世界的信使,嘘寒问暖的话是这个世界的标志语,手牵手是这个世界的行动指南,欢乐颂是这个世界的主旋律。人人都沉浸在蛋糕、巧克力般的甜美世界,白雪皑皑的美丽童话世界,只因为将回报传递。
叶子,是树叶的眼泪,它感激树叶对它的娇生惯养:树木,是太阳的眼泪,它感激太阳对它的百般呵护;而我,是母亲的眼泪,我感激母亲对我的养育之恩。
出生的时候我哭了,你笑了;离开的时候,你笑了,我哭了。
古人有言“树欲静而风不止,子欲养而亲不待”是啊,乘母亲还健在让我们回报母亲的深恩吧。
Some fish are forced to leave polluted water and are flying in the sky. But unfortunately, air is also so polluted that they have to wear masks. Each of them is crying, “Where is my home?” What a terrible sight!
Mankind has brought so much pollution. Waste is being poured into rivers and seas. Poisons to kill pests in farming and chemicals go into rivers and seas, too. Poisonous gasses from factories also make the air so dirty. The whole balance of nature is being destroyed as a result of our ignorance of the environmental protection.
Personally, man can not live alone on the earth. Should fish die from serious pollution, so would man! It is high time we did something to prevent such a scene from happening.
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