1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
海洋,是我的家。我每天在浩瀚的海洋里快乐的游来游去。
但我越来越忧郁了,因为我身边的好朋友一个一个消逝了。只因为我们生长的家,越来越脏,人类在不自觉的情况下,把海洋污染了,就连美丽的珊瑚礁都被破坏的很惨了,白色的珊瑚看起来奄奄一息,看了好心疼。
珊瑚礁一直都是我们小鱼儿的好朋友,可以尽情的躲在里头,不怕大鱼来吃,也可以在里头玩游戏,如今,这个庇护所却生病了,害得我们根本躲不过大鱼的魔掌,小鱼儿的数量就更稀少了。
污水的排放,轮船的漏油,把海洋变得像最大的污水池,海底生物们的生活环境恶劣极了,小鱼儿我常常喘不过气来,觉得快要不能呼吸,我不想死,我多么怀念那个美丽健康的海洋。
亲爱的人类,不要再做蠢事了,爱护海洋,也爱护海洋中的我们吧!让我们一起好好的、快乐的活在地球上吧!
近几年来,人类越来越不注意保护大海, 使大海遭到损害。今天的大海,已经不是那湛蓝湛蓝的如同镜子 般的大海了,而是一个“海洋垃圾站”。人们将吃过的果皮纸屑 顺手扔进大海里;化工厂把一些化学原料随手丢在大海旁边,却 没有想到,化学原料一点一点流入大海,给大海造成了严重的破 坏。海洋生物都受到污染,有些生物灭绝了!海洋覆盖了地球表 面面积的近百分之七十一,人们对广阔的海洋和海洋对人类的做 用的了解,远不如地球的了解。
浩翰的海洋哺育着形形色色的海洋生物。这其中有闪闪发 光的夜光虫、千奇百怪的鱼类、硕大无比的巨鲸、多姿多彩的珊 瑚、千姿百态的海藻、年龄至少有一亿年的`龙鱼、还有许多叫不 上名字的海洋生物……它们生活在这熙熙攘攘的海洋大家园,难 道我们忍心破坏它吗?如果人继续给大海带来污染的话,人类还 会幸福吗?
如果人类这样再破坏下去,在未来,几乎海洋生物都濒临 灭绝,人们无水可喝,全人类都将因水可喝而灭亡。
我们人类的生命起源于大海,是浩瀚的大海孕育了地球上 的许许多多的生命,大海是我们的母亲。保护我们身边的大自 然,就是保护我们共同的大海。只有热爱海洋,保护海洋海洋才 会对人类做出更大的贡献。
大海是地球妈妈赐予人类的蓝色宝库,如果人类再不保护 大海,那么后人就再也看不到这珍贵的礼物了;如果海洋没了, 那么我们人类就会随着灭亡;没有海洋,地球上的万物、生灵就 不可能存在,只有保护海洋万物才可以永久的生存在地球上;在 我们的地球上,浩瀚的海洋里蕴藏着丰富的资源,海洋为人类奉 献,那我们人类也应该去保护它;海洋给予人类资源,海洋给予 人类方便,海洋还创造了辉煌。如果不保护海洋,那么,所有的 辉煌乃至生命都会灭亡的!
大海是人类的宝库,没有了她,我们的生活还会充实、富 裕吗?
1:Peoples views onvary from person to person. Some hold thatHowever, others believe that
2:People may have different opinions on
3:Attitudes towards vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards
4:There are different opinions among people as to
“小时候,妈妈对我讲,大海就是我故乡,海边出生,海里成长,大海啊大海,是我生长的地方……”回忆起《大海啊故乡》这首歌时,我就想起了我们生命的摇篮,文化历史的根源,苍茫蔚蓝的蓝色宝库——海洋,它是21世纪的希望,可正面临着前所未有的危机!
海洋里生活着各种各样的生物,蕴含着丰富的宝藏,有着神秘的色彩和未知的奥秘。海洋是一个庞大的家族,在这个家族里,居住着许许多多、形态各异的“居民”:“海岸守护神”——红树林,“夺命仙子”——水母,大海里的“鱼医生”——霓虹刺鳍鱼……一切是多么美好,它们都是共筑海洋的一份子,也是建设和平家园的一员,少了它们其中的一个,海洋就不会这么灿烂了。同时,海洋也是一个巨大的“蓝色药库”、“蓝色牧场”。它的色彩、它的神秘无时无刻不在吸引着我们去探索。
我从小对海洋中的生物充满好奇。比如在我的印象中,鲨鱼是凶恶的。通过阅读,我了解到事实上它的确如此。鲸鲨个头最大,体长约25米,体重可达80吨,是个庞然大物。最小的鲨鱼是侏儒角鲨,长20—27cm,小到都可以放在手上了。鲨鱼算是大海里的高等生物,因为它是哺乳动物,以肉食为食。有时还会猎食海龟、螃蟹等。在觅食时一旦发现目标就会立即出击吞掉。这与鲨鱼灵敏的嗅觉和敏锐的洞察能力是分不开的。它对血腥味非常敏感,哪怕是30米以外的一滴血,都能闻到,凡是被它盯梢的猎物,都是很难逃脱的。可是,别看鲨鱼凶很危险,不过,它可全身是宝呢!鲨鱼的肝脏含有丰富的维A、维D,因此,科学家们一直在研究鲨鱼身上的奥秘,希望可以造福人类。
我们美丽的地球只有一个,我们美好的家园只有一个。同样,我们的海洋也只有一个,让明天的海洋更加灿烂!我们一起携手保护海洋吧!
(一)改写一般疑问句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,将be动词提前,其他顺序不变。
例如:Thisisacat.变为Isthisacat?
(2)原句中有情态动词的(can/may/shall/would)将情态动词提前,其他顺序不变。例如:Hewouldlikeapie.变为Wouldhelikeapie?
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在句首加助动词do或dose(用于主语是第三人称动词单数的句子),其他顺序不变。例如:Iplaytheguitar.变为Doyouplaytheguitar.
(4)原句中的some变any。
注:以情态动词开头的一般疑问句,并且要求对方做肯定回答的`some不变。
(5)原句中的第一人称改为第二人称。例如:Iamanurse.变为Areyouanurse?
(6)以dose开头的一般疑问句,原来动词的第三人称单数形式要变回原形。例如:Hereadsastorybook.变为Dosehereadastorybook?
(二)改写否定句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,直接在be动词后面加not。例如:Itisadog.→It’snotadog./Itisn’tadog.
(2)原句中有情态动词的,直接在情态动词后加not。
例如:Iwouldlikeahotdog.→Iwouldnotlikeahotdog.
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在一般动词前加don’t或doesn’t(用于主语是第三人称单数的句子),doesn’t后面用原型。例如:Iseethreehamburgers.→Idon’tseethreehamburgers.
原句中的some变any例如:Ihavesomebreadan
dmilk.→Idon’thaveanybreadandmilk.
(4)以let开头的祈使句,如果是letus或letme,直接在其后加not;如果let后面其他人称代词宾格(you、him、her、them、it)就在let后面加助动词don’t。例如:Letusgotothepark.→Letusnotgotothepark.再如:Letthemdohomework.→Don’tletthemdohomework.
(三)对划线部分提问:
对划线部分提问,就是先把一个陈述句的划线部分去掉,然后变为一个特殊疑问句:一是特殊疑问句+一般疑问句;
二是特殊疑问句+陈述句(对主语或主语的定语提问,therebe结构除外)
⑴划线部分是人,用who提问。
⑴划线部分是主语,用who提问,who后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Whois;Wholikes;Whohas?
方法:who+原句的剩余部分
例如:①HelenandMikearelisteningtomusic.
→Whoislisteningtomusic?
②Ihavesomemodelplanes.
→Whohasanymodelplanes?
⑵划线部分是表语,用who提问。
方法:Who+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
⑵划线部分是事或者物,用what提问。
方法:what+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式。
注:如果原句是therebe句型,直接用What’s+地点状语来提问。例如:①Wewouldliketobuysomethingsforaparty.
→Whatwouldyouliketobuyforaparty?
②Therearealotofcakesintheplate.
→Whatisintheplate?
⑶划线部分是物主代词或名词所有格,用Whose提问。
方法:⑴划线部分是主语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分
例如:Ourclassroomisbright.
→Whoseclassroomisbright?
⑵划线部分是表语或表语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:①ThewomanisSuYang’steacher.
→Whoseteacheristhewoman?
注:对某部分的定语提问,被修饰的部分跟随特殊疑问句往前提②ThispurseisYangLing’s.
→Whosepurseisthis?
⑷划线部分是地点,用where提问。
方法:where+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:TheyarehamingaMathslessonintheclassroom..
→WherearetheyhavingaMathslesson?
⑸划线部分是“多少”,用howmany或howmuch提问。
方法:⑴句中是可数名词的用Howmany+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Therearefifteentreesintheplayground.
→Howmanytreesarethereintheplayground?
⑵句中是不可数名词的用Howmuch+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Ihaveaglassofjuiceforbreakfast.
→Howmuchjuicedoyouhaveforbreakfast?
⑹划线部分是时间,用when或whattime(具体的几时几分)提问。方法:⑴when+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:SuYangandSuHaiareathomeonSundaymorning.
→WhenareSuYangandSuHaiathome?
⑵问具体的时间直接用Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?问
例如:It’sthreeforty-five.
→Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?
在我们的地球上,有着辽阔的海洋。有人称海洋为“蓝色的聚宝盆”,这是因为海洋里含有盐、鱼、贝等许许多多的东西。
海洋中有丰富的石油、天然气资源,人们在海面上竖起高高的钻井平台,把海底的石油、天然气源源不断地输送到陆地。海洋里有数不清的鱼虾蟹贝,自古以来,在海边和岛屿上生活的人,靠海为生。每到捕捞季节,就是渔民们的收获季节,出海的鱼船总会满载而归。海洋真不愧为“蓝色的聚宝盆”。
可是,人们大量往水中倒垃圾,排废水,使得海洋的危害一天天增加,大海不断被污染,人们不知道这会对海洋有多大害处。鱼,有些翻着白肚皮,其它在海里的动物,也遭到了厄运。
总会有一天,大海整个变成臭气哄天的大垃圾场。而且,里面有好多好多鱼、虾、蟹、贝,散发出腥味,到那个时候,人类才会明白自己已做错了事。
人们还把海洋里所有的资源都运到陆地上去。虽然海里的资源非常多,可是,如果天天都把大海里的资源源源不断地送到陆地,慢慢地,大海一天天变小,有一天,人们又来取了,可是大海早成了一条小河,人们就傻眼了。
大海里有许多生物,它们的种类多达16余万种。它们生活在海水的不同深度,一条“生物链”把它们连在一起;有些鱼虾吃藻类或蜉蝣生物,有些大鱼专门吃小鱼。海洋生物是宝贵的渔业资源,每天都为人类提供着丰富的鱼虾和各种海产品。
人类大量捕***海洋里的生物,有些吃掉,有些则利用自身条件加工成日常用品。大海里的生物逐渐减少,虽然它们也繁育后代,可是人类把各种废物倒入大海,造成海洋严重污染,这使大海里的生物不便生存,大批死亡,最后会全部死去的!人类只会无休止地破坏海洋,从来不懂得保护海洋,人类就像一群无知的傻瓜!
大海里有些生物被列为国宝,但也免不了有人偷偷捕***,非法卖掉。终究有一天,大自然会无情地惩治这些无知的人类,那时也许他们也明白不了的。
海底有一些奇特的植物,非常美丽,但有些已面临灭绝了。这是由于人们好奇地摘呀摘,最后,摘没了。子孙万代也看不到了。所以,不要摘海底那些植物,不然,它们的情况将非常危险,当然,偶尔摘点也是可以的。
现在,大海处于危险状态,我希望人类能携起手来共同保护海洋,让海洋重新充满生机!
考辅P42
1.IgaveTomthebook.//
2.Heboughthismothersomeflowers.//
3.Thebridgewasbuiltbyworkerslastyear.//
4.Wehavetofinishtheworktoday.//5.Hewilldohishomeworktomorrow.//
6.Wecleantheroomseveryday.//7.Thewriterspent3yearsonthebook.//
8.Itisabookwithalotofbeautifulpictures.//
9.Thebooksoldverywellduringthefirstweek.//firstweek.
10.Marywastheonlyoneintheoffice.//
11.Shefinishedherworkat10o’clock.//Shedidn’12.Shehadtotakeataxihomebecauseitwastoolate.
13.LizaandMikearrivedattheGreatWallintwohours.
14.Theywerehappytogettothetop.//
15.TheyenjoyedthemselvesontheGreatWall.//
16.ThepostmansentSusanandTommyapaperbox.
17.Theyopeneditandfoundapresentfromtheirfriend.
18.Theybothlikedthepresentandfeltveryhappy.
19.Alicedidn’tfeelwelltoday,soshewenttothehospital.
20.Thedoctoraskedhersomequestions.//
21.Thedoctordidn’tgiveheranymedicineintheend.
(全真1)
1.ThecapitalAirporthasbeeninusefor20years.//
2.ThecapitalAirportisthelargestoneinChina.//
3.Ihavenevertakenaplane.MyfriendLiPing,either.//
(全真2)
1.Fathergave$20formetobuysomebooks.//
2.IwasexcitedwhenIsawsomanygoodbooksinthebookstore.
3.ButsomebookswouldcostmorethanIhave.//
ButIdidn’//(全真3)
1.ManyChinesefriendswenttotheparty.2.Tonywasgivenalotofpresentsbyhisfriends.//Tony’
3.SeeinghisChineseteacheratthepartymadeTonyveryhappy.//(全真4)
1.Iwanttoeatsomething.//2.Therefrigeratorisempty.//3.Bobspentfifteenyuanonthehamburger.///(全真5)
1.Mr.Wangdoesn’tworkinthatfactoryanylonger.//
2.Mr.Wanglefthomeearlierinordertocatchthebus.3.Mr.Wangfindsitnoteasytogetalongwiththatyoungguy.//(专家1)
1.Manypeoplewentshoppingyesterday.
2.Janespent4hourstobuyNewyeargifts.//
3.Shewassotiredthatshecouldn’twalkanylonger.//
(专家2)
1.Myfriendssaidtome,“Areyoufree?”
2.Shewantedmetogoshoppingwithher.
3.Shethinksitapleasuretogoshoppingwithafriend.
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