obviously cctv is determined to change their traditional song and dance gala form for kid, they created a theater cartoon drama for this kids joy。
gathering nearly all the well—known chinese original cartoon characters, ne zha, monkey sun and zhu bajie, the top three cartoon characters voted by kids, will lead acting in this dream fairyland and experience an outer space journey by spacecraft named °chang e±。 including big—face cat, piggy bear and other nearly 20 characters will be joining this journey。 a cartoon olympic game is on schedule as well, and the main difficulty they confront is how to ignite the torch on the pate of giraffe。
this smash show from cctv gathered a top line—up in chinese drama and cartoon field。 top producers for screenwriting, choreography, casting, lighting and music devoted their talents here。 lead acted by liu xiao ling tong and ma de hua, who are well—known for their excellent performance in tv series °journey to the west±, while notable children programs presiders as ju ping, dong hao, jin guizi and etc also join this sweet play with their specific role。 cute characters, fantastic plot will endow kids a memorable hilarious night!
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模糊限制语属于模糊语言的范畴。1965年美国加利福利亚太学L.A、Zaden教授发表的《模糊集》(Fuzzy Sets促进了一系列有关模糊学科的`诞生,如模糊逻辑、模糊数学等。1972年著名语言学家Lakoff开始对模糊现象进行研究并最早提出了模糊限制语这个概念:把事物弄得模模糊糊的词。此后,模糊理论在许多领域都得到应用,模糊语言也随之产生并成为一门独立的学科。
The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China. China is a country “on bicycle wheels”。 People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work. Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.
There are many advantages to riding a bicycle. First, using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities. Second, people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.
The future of bicycle will be bright. In some European countries, city governments have arranged pedestrians to use “public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.
课堂教学强调教师与学生之间的互动和交流,为了提高教师教的艺术性和学生学的效果,使用模糊限制语教学显得非常必要。
(一缓解学生紧张的压力
通常来讲,无论社会地位、知识水平还是权利分配,教师与学生都处于不平等关系。特别是课堂提问或开展互动活动时,教师都会对学生提出一些要求,而这些要求不能以命令式的语气,以避免给学生造成较大的压力。如:
(1I think you have got the answer, would you like to speak it out
(2 Could you say something about your family
一般来说,要生在课堂上回答问题,学生都会感到紧张。例子(1中,I think属于直接缓和语,使语气得以缓和。例子(2中could表示一种建议,学生对于回答这一问题就留有较大的余地,这就减轻学生回答问题时的压力。
(二增加表达的准确性和信服力
模糊限制语有提高话语准确性、使话语更可靠,客观的功能。在英语课堂中,教师通常会解释一些词的含义或阐述一种文化现象,使用模糊限制语使得教师的话语有根据,更有说服力。如在解释“honest”这个词时,教师用了这样一个句式:
(3 According to Oxford Dictionary, honest means not tellinglies, not cheating or stealing and straightforward.
在这个句子中,教师用了间接缓和型模糊限制语“according to”,说明这不是教师主观臆造的解释,而是来自权威的牛津词典,这就使得对这个词的解释更值得信服,具有权威性。
(三增强语言表达的委婉性
在教师与学生的交流中,其中一个重要的部分就是教师对学生的评价。学生对问题的回答有时会有错误或偏离题目原意,这是学生在学习过程中不可避免的,这时教师应委婉地指出错误,以免引起学生的抵触情绪和消极态度。如:
(4I'm afraid you had better think about it again.
例句中用了I'm afraid体现出教师没有采用正面否定的态度评价学生的回答,减轻了学生由于回答不够正确而出现的尴尬情绪,保护其回答问题的积极性。
四、结语
本文简要对模糊限制语的基本理论进行了阐述,并解释了模糊限制语在教师课堂语言中的作用。掌握模糊限制语在课堂教学中的使用技巧,能充分把握英语教学的规律和关键,从而提高英语课堂教学的效果。
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